Histone H3 Antibody - #AF0863

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Product: Histone H3 Antibody
Catalog: AF0863
Description: Rabbit polyclonal antibody to Histone H3
Application: WB IHC IF/ICC
Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat, Fish
Prediction: Bovine
Mol.Wt.: 17kDa; 15kD(Calculated).
Uniprot: P68431 | Q71DI3 | P84243
RRID: AB_2810277

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 50ul $150 In stock
 100ul $250 In stock
 200ul $350 In stock
 1ml $1200 In stock

Lead Time: Same day delivery

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Local distributors
Related Downloads
MSDS
Data Sheet
COA
Protocols
WB Handbook
IHC Protocol
IF/ICC Protocol

Product Info

Source:
Rabbit
Application:
WB 1:500-1:2000, IHC 1:50-1:200, IF/ICC 1:100-1:500
*The optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.
*Tips:

WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. IHC: For immunohistochemical detection of paraffin sections (IHC-p) or frozen sections (IHC-f) of tissue samples. IF/ICC: For immunofluorescence detection of cell samples. ELISA(peptide): For ELISA detection of antigenic peptide.

Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat,Fish
Prediction:
Bovine(100%)
Clonality:
Polyclonal
Specificity:
Histone H3 Antibody detects endogenous levels of Histone H3.
RRID:
AB_2810277
Cite Format: Affinity Biosciences Cat# AF0863, RRID:AB_2810277.
Conjugate:
Unconjugated.
Purification:
The antiserum was purified by peptide affinity chromatography using SulfoLink™ Coupling Resin (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
Storage:
Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. Store at -20 °C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.
Alias:

Fold/Unfold

H3 histone family, member A; H3/A; H31_HUMAN; H3FA; Hist1h3a; HIST1H3B; HIST1H3C; HIST1H3D; HIST1H3E; HIST1H3F; HIST1H3G; HIST1H3H; HIST1H3I; HIST1H3J; histone 1, H3a; Histone cluster 1, H3a; Histone H3.1; Histone H3/a; Histone H3/b; Histone H3/c; Histone H3/d; Histone H3/f; Histone H3/h; Histone H3/i; Histone H3/j; Histone H3/k; Histone H3/l; ;H3.3A; HIST1 cluster, H3E; H3 histone family, member A; H3.1; H3/l; H3F3; H3FF; H3FJ; H3FL; Histone gene cluster 1, H3 histone family, member E; histone H3.1t; Histone H3/o; FLJ92264; H 3; H3; H3 histone family, member B; H3 histone family, member C; H3 histone family, member D; H3 histone family, member F; H3 histone family, member H; H3 histone family, member I; H3 histone family, member J; H3 histone family, member K; H3 histone family, member L; H3 histone family, member T; H3 histone, family 3A; H3/A; H3/b; H3/c; H3/d; h3/f; H3/h; H3/i; H3/j; H3/k; H3/t; H31_HUMAN; H3F1K; H3F3A; H3FA; H3FB; H3FC; H3FD; H3FH; H3FI; H3FK; HIST1 cluster, H3A; HIST1 cluster, H3B; HIST1 cluster, H3C; HIST1 cluster, H3D; HIST1 cluster, H3F; HIST1 cluster, H3G; HIST1 cluster, H3H; HIST1 cluster, H3I; HIST1 cluster, H3J; HIST1H3A; HIST1H3B; HIST1H3C; HIST1H3D; HIST1H3E; HIST1H3F; HIST1H3G; HIST1H3H; HIST1H3I; HIST1H3J; HIST3H3; Histone 1, H3a; Histone 1, H3b; Histone 1, H3c; Histone 1, H3d; Histone 1, H3e; Histone 1, H3f; Histone 1, H3g; Histone 1, H3h; Histone 1, H3i; Histone 3, H3; histone cluster 1 H3 family member a; histone cluster 1 H3 family member b; histone cluster 1 H3 family member c; histone cluster 1 H3 family member d; histone cluster 1 H3 family member e; histone cluster 1 H3 family member f; histone cluster 1 H3 family member g; histone cluster 1 H3 family member h; histone cluster 1 H3 family member i; histone cluster 1 H3 family member j; Histone cluster 1, H3a; Histone cluster 1, H3b; Histone cluster 1, H3c; Histone cluster 1, H3d; Histone cluster 1, H3e; Histone cluster 1, H3f; Histone cluster 1, H3g; Histone cluster 1, H3i; Histone cluster 1, H3j; Histone gene cluster 1, H3 histone family, member A; Histone gene cluster 1, H3 histone family, member B; Histone gene cluster 1, H3 histone family, member C; Histone gene cluster 1, H3 histone family, member D; Histone gene cluster 1, H3 histone family, member F; Histone gene cluster 1, H3 histone family, member G; Histone gene cluster 1, H3 histone family, member H; Histone gene cluster 1, H3 histone family, member I; Histone gene cluster 1, H3 histone family, member J; Histone gene cluster 1, H3A; Histone gene cluster 1, H3B; Histone gene cluster 1, H3C; Histone gene cluster 1, H3D; Histone gene cluster 1, H3E; Histone gene cluster 1, H3F; Histone gene cluster 1, H3G; Histone gene cluster 1, H3H; Histone gene cluster 1, H3I; Histone gene cluster 1, H3J; Histone H 3; Histone H3.1; Histone H3.2; Histone H3.3; Histone H3/a; Histone H3/b; Histone H3/c; Histone H3/d; Histone H3/f; Histone H3/h; Histone H3/i; Histone H3/j; Histone H3/k; Histone H3/l; Histone H3/m; H3 histone family 3A; H3 histone family 3B; H3 histone, family 3B (H3.3B); H3.3; H3.3A; H3.3B; H33_HUMAN; H3F3; H3F3A; H3f3b; Histone H3.3; Histone H3.3Q; Histone H3.A; Histone H3.B; MGC87782; MGC87783;

Immunogens

Immunogen:
Uniprot:

P68431(H31_HUMAN) >>Visit HPA database.

Q71DI3(H32_HUMAN) >>Visit HPA database.

P84243(H33_HUMAN) >>Visit HPA database.

Gene(ID):
HIST2H3A; HIST2H3C; HIST2H3D(126961) | HIST1H3A; HIST1H3B; HIST1H3C; HIST1H3D; HIST1H3E; HIST1H3F; HIST1H3G; HIST1H3H; HIST1H3I; HIST1H3J(333932) | H3F3A; H3F3B(653604)
Description:
H3 Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers.
Sequence:
MARTKQTARKSTGGKAPRKQLATKAARKSAPATGGVKKPHRYRPGTVALREIRRYQKSTELLIRKLPFQRLVREIAQDFKTDLRFQSSAVMALQEACEAYLVGLFEDTNLCAIHAKRVTIMPKDIQLARRIRGERA

MARTKQTARKSTGGKAPRKQLATKAARKSAPATGGVKKPHRYRPGTVALREIRRYQKSTELLIRKLPFQRLVREIAQDFKTDLRFQSSAVMALQEASEAYLVGLFEDTNLCAIHAKRVTIMPKDIQLARRIRGERA

MARTKQTARKSTGGKAPRKQLATKAARKSAPSTGGVKKPHRYRPGTVALREIRRYQKSTELLIRKLPFQRLVREIAQDFKTDLRFQSAAIGALQEASEAYLVGLFEDTNLCAIHAKRVTIMPKDIQLARRIRGERA

Predictions

Predictions:

Score>80(red) has high confidence and is suggested to be used for WB detection. *The prediction model is mainly based on the alignment of immunogen sequences, the results are for reference only, not as the basis of quality assurance.

Species
Results
Score
Bovine
100
Pig
0
Horse
0
Sheep
0
Dog
0
Xenopus
0
Zebrafish
0
Chicken
0
Rabbit
0
Model Confidence:
High(score>80) Medium(80>score>50) Low(score<50) No confidence

PTMs - P68431/Q71DI3/P84243 As Substrate

Site PTM Type Enzyme
M1 Acetylation
R3 Methylation
T4 Phosphorylation Q99986 (VRK1)
K5 Acetylation
K5 Methylation
T7 Phosphorylation
K10 Acetylation
K10 Methylation
S11 Phosphorylation P31751 (AKT2) , Q99986 (VRK1) , Q96KB5 (PBK) , Q13153 (PAK1) , Q96GD4 (AURKB) , O14965 (AURKA) , Q16539 (MAPK14) , P51812 (RPS6KA3) , P11309 (PIM1) , P21980 (TGM2) , Q9UQB9 (AURKC) , O75582 (RPS6KA5)
T12 Phosphorylation O14757 (CHEK1) , O43293 (DAPK3)
K15 Acetylation
R18 Methylation
K19 Acetylation
K19 Methylation
K24 Acetylation
K24 Methylation
K28 Acetylation
K28 Methylation
S29 Phosphorylation P27361 (MAPK3) , P31751 (AKT2) , Q96GD4 (AURKB) , P45984 (MAPK9) , O75582 (RPS6KA5) , P28482 (MAPK1) , Q16539 (MAPK14) , P45983 (MAPK8)
K37 Acetylation
K37 Methylation
K37 Ubiquitination
K38 Methylation
Y42 Phosphorylation
T46 Phosphorylation Q05655 (PRKCD) , P31751 (AKT2)
K57 Acetylation
K57 Methylation
S58 Phosphorylation
K65 Methylation
K80 Acetylation
K80 Methylation
T81 Phosphorylation
S87 Phosphorylation
C97 S-Nitrosylation
K116 Acetylation
K123 Acetylation
K123 Methylation
Site PTM Type Enzyme
M1 Acetylation
R3 Methylation
T4 Phosphorylation
K5 Acetylation
K5 Methylation
T7 Phosphorylation
R9 Methylation
K10 Acetylation
K10 Methylation
S11 Phosphorylation
T12 Phosphorylation
K15 Acetylation
K15 Sumoylation
K15 Ubiquitination
R18 Methylation
K19 Acetylation
K19 Methylation
K19 Sumoylation
K19 Ubiquitination
K24 Acetylation
K24 Methylation
K24 Sumoylation
K24 Ubiquitination
K28 Acetylation
K28 Methylation
K28 Ubiquitination
S29 Phosphorylation
K37 Acetylation
K37 Methylation
K37 Ubiquitination
K38 Methylation
R41 Methylation
Y42 Phosphorylation
R43 Methylation
T46 Phosphorylation
R50 Methylation
K57 Acetylation
K57 Methylation
K57 Sumoylation
K57 Ubiquitination
S58 Phosphorylation
T59 Phosphorylation
R64 Methylation
K65 Methylation
K80 Acetylation
K80 Methylation
K80 Sumoylation
K80 Ubiquitination
T81 Phosphorylation
R84 Methylation
S97 Phosphorylation
Y100 Phosphorylation
T108 Phosphorylation
K116 Acetylation
K116 Ubiquitination
T119 Phosphorylation
K123 Acetylation
K123 Methylation
K123 Sumoylation
K123 Ubiquitination
R129 Methylation
Site PTM Type Enzyme
M1 Acetylation
R3 Methylation
T4 Phosphorylation
K5 Acetylation
K5 Methylation
T7 Phosphorylation
K10 Acetylation
K10 Methylation
S11 Phosphorylation P51812 (RPS6KA3) , O75582 (RPS6KA5) , O15111 (CHUK) , P06241 (FYN) , P31749 (AKT1) , Q15418 (RPS6KA1) , Q96GD4 (AURKB) , P17612 (PRKACA)
T12 Phosphorylation O14757 (CHEK1)
K15 Acetylation
R18 Methylation
K19 Acetylation
K19 Methylation
K24 Acetylation
K24 Methylation
K28 Acetylation
K28 Methylation
S29 Phosphorylation P17612 (PRKACA) , P28482 (MAPK1) , P27361 (MAPK3) , O75582 (RPS6KA5) , P45983 (MAPK8) , P45984 (MAPK9)
S32 Phosphorylation
K37 Acetylation
K37 Methylation
K37 Ubiquitination
Y42 Phosphorylation O60674 (JAK2)
T46 Phosphorylation
K57 Acetylation
K57 Methylation
S58 Phosphorylation
K65 Methylation
K80 Acetylation
K80 Methylation
T81 Phosphorylation
S87 Phosphorylation
C111 S-Nitrosylation
K116 Acetylation
K123 Acetylation
K123 Methylation

Research Backgrounds

Function:

Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.

PTMs:

Acetylation is generally linked to gene activation. Acetylation on Lys-10 (H3K9ac) impairs methylation at Arg-9 (H3R8me2s). Acetylation on Lys-19 (H3K18ac) and Lys-24 (H3K24ac) favors methylation at Arg-18 (H3R17me). Acetylation at Lys-123 (H3K122ac) by EP300/p300 plays a central role in chromatin structure: localizes at the surface of the histone octamer and stimulates transcription, possibly by promoting nucleosome instability.

Citrullination at Arg-9 (H3R8ci) and/or Arg-18 (H3R17ci) by PADI4 impairs methylation and represses transcription.

Asymmetric dimethylation at Arg-18 (H3R17me2a) by CARM1 is linked to gene activation. Symmetric dimethylation at Arg-9 (H3R8me2s) by PRMT5 is linked to gene repression. Asymmetric dimethylation at Arg-3 (H3R2me2a) by PRMT6 is linked to gene repression and is mutually exclusive with H3 Lys-5 methylation (H3K4me2 and H3K4me3). H3R2me2a is present at the 3' of genes regardless of their transcription state and is enriched on inactive promoters, while it is absent on active promoters.

Methylation at Lys-5 (H3K4me), Lys-37 (H3K36me) and Lys-80 (H3K79me) are linked to gene activation. Methylation at Lys-5 (H3K4me) facilitates subsequent acetylation of H3 and H4. Methylation at Lys-80 (H3K79me) is associated with DNA double-strand break (DSB) responses and is a specific target for TP53BP1. Methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) and Lys-28 (H3K27me) are linked to gene repression. Methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) is a specific target for HP1 proteins (CBX1, CBX3 and CBX5) and prevents subsequent phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) and acetylation of H3 and H4. Methylation at Lys-5 (H3K4me) and Lys-80 (H3K79me) require preliminary monoubiquitination of H2B at 'Lys-120'. Methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) and Lys-28 (H3K27me) are enriched in inactive X chromosome chromatin. Monomethylation at Lys-57 (H3K56me1) by EHMT2/G9A in G1 phase promotes interaction with PCNA and is required for DNA replication.

Phosphorylated at Thr-4 (H3T3ph) by HASPIN during prophase and dephosphorylated during anaphase. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) by AURKB is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression during mitosis and meiosis. In addition phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) by RPS6KA4 and RPS6KA5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or UV irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph), which is linked to gene activation, prevents methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) but facilitates acetylation of H3 and H4. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) by AURKB mediates the dissociation of HP1 proteins (CBX1, CBX3 and CBX5) from heterochromatin. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) is also an essential regulatory mechanism for neoplastic cell transformation. Phosphorylated at Ser-29 (H3S28ph) by MAP3K20 isoform 1, RPS6KA5 or AURKB during mitosis or upon ultraviolet B irradiation. Phosphorylation at Thr-7 (H3T6ph) by PRKCB is a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation that prevents demethylation of Lys-5 (H3K4me) by LSD1/KDM1A. At centromeres, specifically phosphorylated at Thr-12 (H3T11ph) from prophase to early anaphase, by DAPK3 and PKN1. Phosphorylation at Thr-12 (H3T11ph) by PKN1 is a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation that promotes demethylation of Lys-10 (H3K9me) by KDM4C/JMJD2C. Phosphorylation at Thr-12 (H3T11ph) by chromatin-associated CHEK1 regulates the transcription of cell cycle regulatory genes by modulating acetylation of Lys-10 (H3K9ac). Phosphorylation at Tyr-42 (H3Y41ph) by JAK2 promotes exclusion of CBX5 (HP1 alpha) from chromatin.

Monoubiquitinated by RAG1 in lymphoid cells, monoubiquitination is required for V(D)J recombination (By similarity). Ubiquitinated by the CUL4-DDB-RBX1 complex in response to ultraviolet irradiation. This may weaken the interaction between histones and DNA and facilitate DNA accessibility to repair proteins.

Lysine deamination at Lys-5 (H3K4all) to form allysine is mediated by LOXL2. Allysine formation by LOXL2 only takes place on H3K4me3 and results in gene repression.

Crotonylation (Kcr) is specifically present in male germ cells and marks testis-specific genes in post-meiotic cells, including X-linked genes that escape sex chromosome inactivation in haploid cells. Crotonylation marks active promoters and enhancers and confers resistance to transcriptional repressors. It is also associated with post-meiotically activated genes on autosomes.

Butyrylation of histones marks active promoters and competes with histone acetylation. It is present during late spermatogenesis.

Succinylation at Lys-80 (H3K79succ) by KAT2A takes place with a maximum frequency around the transcription start sites of genes. It gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcription activation. Desuccinylation at Lys-123 (H3K122succ) by SIRT7 in response to DNA damage promotes chromatin condensation and double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair.

Serine ADP-ribosylation constitutes the primary form of ADP-ribosylation of proteins in response to DNA damage. Serine ADP-ribosylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ADPr) is mutually exclusive with phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) and impairs acetylation at Lys-10 (H3K9ac).

Subcellular Location:

Nucleus. Chromosome.

Extracellular region or secreted Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Manual annotation Automatic computational assertionSubcellular location
Subunit Structure:

The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA.

Family&Domains:

Belongs to the histone H3 family.

Function:

Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.

PTMs:

Acetylation is generally linked to gene activation. Acetylation on Lys-10 (H3K9ac) impairs methylation at Arg-9 (H3R8me2s). Acetylation on Lys-19 (H3K18ac) and Lys-24 (H3K24ac) favors methylation at Arg-18 (H3R17me). Acetylation at Lys-123 (H3K122ac) by EP300/p300 plays a central role in chromatin structure: localizes at the surface of the histone octamer and stimulates transcription, possibly by promoting nucleosome instability.

Citrullination at Arg-9 (H3R8ci) and/or Arg-18 (H3R17ci) by PADI4 impairs methylation and represses transcription.

Asymmetric dimethylation at Arg-18 (H3R17me2a) by CARM1 is linked to gene activation. Symmetric dimethylation at Arg-9 (H3R8me2s) by PRMT5 is linked to gene repression. Asymmetric dimethylation at Arg-3 (H3R2me2a) by PRMT6 is linked to gene repression and is mutually exclusive with H3 Lys-5 methylation (H3K4me2 and H3K4me3). H3R2me2a is present at the 3' of genes regardless of their transcription state and is enriched on inactive promoters, while it is absent on active promoters.

Methylation at Lys-5 (H3K4me), Lys-37 (H3K36me) and Lys-80 (H3K79me) are linked to gene activation. Methylation at Lys-5 (H3K4me) facilitates subsequent acetylation of H3 and H4. Methylation at Lys-80 (H3K79me) is associated with DNA double-strand break (DSB) responses and is a specific target for TP53BP1. Methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) and Lys-28 (H3K27me) are linked to gene repression. Methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) is a specific target for HP1 proteins (CBX1, CBX3 and CBX5) and prevents subsequent phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) and acetylation of H3 and H4. Methylation at Lys-5 (H3K4me) and Lys-80 (H3K79me) require preliminary monoubiquitination of H2B at 'Lys-120'. Methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) and Lys-28 (H3K27me) are enriched in inactive X chromosome chromatin. Monomethylation at Lys-57 (H3K56me1) by EHMT2/G9A in G1 phase promotes interaction with PCNA and is required for DNA replication.

Phosphorylated at Thr-4 (H3T3ph) by HASPIN during prophase and dephosphorylated during anaphase. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) by AURKB is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression during mitosis and meiosis. In addition phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) by RPS6KA4 and RPS6KA5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or UV irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph), which is linked to gene activation, prevents methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) but facilitates acetylation of H3 and H4. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) by AURKB mediates the dissociation of HP1 proteins (CBX1, CBX3 and CBX5) from heterochromatin. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) is also an essential regulatory mechanism for neoplastic cell transformation. Phosphorylated at Ser-29 (H3S28ph) by MAP3K20 isoform 1, RPS6KA5 or AURKB during mitosis or upon ultraviolet B irradiation. Phosphorylation at Thr-7 (H3T6ph) by PRKCB is a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation that prevents demethylation of Lys-5 (H3K4me) by LSD1/KDM1A. At centromeres, specifically phosphorylated at Thr-12 (H3T11ph) from prophase to early anaphase, by DAPK3 and PKN1. Phosphorylation at Thr-12 (H3T11ph) by PKN1 is a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation that promotes demethylation of Lys-10 (H3K9me) by KDM4C/JMJD2C. Phosphorylation at Tyr-42 (H3Y41ph) by JAK2 promotes exclusion of CBX5 (HP1 alpha) from chromatin.

Monoubiquitinated by RAG1 in lymphoid cells, monoubiquitination is required for V(D)J recombination. Ubiquitinated by the CUL4-DDB-RBX1 complex in response to ultraviolet irradiation. This may weaken the interaction between histones and DNA and facilitate DNA accessibility to repair proteins.

Lysine deamination at Lys-5 (H3K4all) to form allysine is mediated by LOXL2. Allysine formation by LOXL2 only takes place on H3K4me3 and results in gene repression.

Crotonylation (Kcr) is specifically present in male germ cells and marks testis-specific genes in post-meiotic cells, including X-linked genes that escape sex chromosome inactivation in haploid cells. Crotonylation marks active promoters and enhancers and confers resistance to transcriptional repressors. It is also associated with post-meiotically activated genes on autosomes.

Butyrylation of histones marks active promoters and competes with histone acetylation. It is present during late spermatogenesis.

Succinylation at Lys-80 (H3K79succ) by KAT2A takes place with a maximum frequency around the transcription start sites of genes. It gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcription activation. Desuccinylation at Lys-123 (H3K122succ) by SIRT7 in response to DNA damage promotes chromatin condensation and double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair.

Serine ADP-ribosylation constitutes the primary form of ADP-ribosylation of proteins in response to DNA damage. Serine ADP-ribosylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ADPr) is mutually exclusive with phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) and impairs acetylation at Lys-10 (H3K9ac).

Subcellular Location:

Nucleus. Chromosome.

Extracellular region or secreted Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Manual annotation Automatic computational assertionSubcellular location
Subunit Structure:

The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA. During nucleosome assembly the chaperone ASF1A interacts with the histone H3-H4 heterodimer.

Family&Domains:

Belongs to the histone H3 family.

Function:

Variant histone H3 which replaces conventional H3 in a wide range of nucleosomes in active genes. Constitutes the predominant form of histone H3 in non-dividing cells and is incorporated into chromatin independently of DNA synthesis. Deposited at sites of nucleosomal displacement throughout transcribed genes, suggesting that it represents an epigenetic imprint of transcriptionally active chromatin. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.

PTMs:

Acetylation is generally linked to gene activation. Acetylation on Lys-10 (H3K9ac) impairs methylation at Arg-9 (H3R8me2s). Acetylation on Lys-19 (H3K18ac) and Lys-24 (H3K24ac) favors methylation at Arg-18 (H3R17me). Acetylation at Lys-123 (H3K122ac) by EP300/p300 plays a central role in chromatin structure: localizes at the surface of the histone octamer and stimulates transcription, possibly by promoting nucleosome instability.

Citrullination at Arg-9 (H3R8ci) and/or Arg-18 (H3R17ci) by PADI4 impairs methylation and represses transcription.

Asymmetric dimethylation at Arg-18 (H3R17me2a) by CARM1 is linked to gene activation. Symmetric dimethylation at Arg-9 (H3R8me2s) by PRMT5 is linked to gene repression. Asymmetric dimethylation at Arg-3 (H3R2me2a) by PRMT6 is linked to gene repression and is mutually exclusive with H3 Lys-5 methylation (H3K4me2 and H3K4me3). H3R2me2a is present at the 3' of genes regardless of their transcription state and is enriched on inactive promoters, while it is absent on active promoters.

Specifically enriched in modifications associated with active chromatin such as methylation at Lys-5 (H3K4me), Lys-37 and Lys-80. Methylation at Lys-5 (H3K4me) facilitates subsequent acetylation of H3 and H4. Methylation at Lys-80 (H3K79me) is associated with DNA double-strand break (DSB) responses and is a specific target for TP53BP1. Methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) and Lys-28 (H3K27me), which are linked to gene repression, are underrepresented. Methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) is a specific target for HP1 proteins (CBX1, CBX3 and CBX5) and prevents subsequent phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) and acetylation of H3 and H4. Methylation at Lys-5 (H3K4me) and Lys-80 (H3K79me) require preliminary monoubiquitination of H2B at 'Lys-120'. Methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) and Lys-28 (H3K27me) are enriched in inactive X chromosome chromatin. Monomethylation at Lys-57 (H3K56me1) by EHMT2/G9A in G1 phase promotes interaction with PCNA and is required for DNA replication.

Phosphorylated at Thr-4 (H3T3ph) by HASPIN during prophase and dephosphorylated during anaphase. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) by AURKB is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression during mitosis and meiosis. In addition phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) by RPS6KA4 and RPS6KA5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or UV irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph), which is linked to gene activation, prevents methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) but facilitates acetylation of H3 and H4. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) by AURKB mediates the dissociation of HP1 proteins (CBX1, CBX3 and CBX5) from heterochromatin. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) is also an essential regulatory mechanism for neoplastic cell transformation. Phosphorylated at Ser-29 (H3S28ph) by MAP3K20 isoform 1, RPS6KA5 or AURKB during mitosis or upon ultraviolet B irradiation. Phosphorylation at Thr-7 (H3T6ph) by PRKCB is a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation that prevents demethylation of Lys-5 (H3K4me) by LSD1/KDM1A. At centromeres, specifically phosphorylated at Thr-12 (H3T11ph) from prophase to early anaphase, by DAPK3 and PKN1. Phosphorylation at Thr-12 (H3T11ph) by PKN1 is a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation that promotes demethylation of Lys-10 (H3K9me) by KDM4C/JMJD2C. Phosphorylation at Tyr-42 (H3Y41ph) by JAK2 promotes exclusion of CBX5 (HP1 alpha) from chromatin. Phosphorylation on Ser-32 (H3S31ph) is specific to regions bordering centromeres in metaphase chromosomes.

Ubiquitinated. Monoubiquitinated by RAG1 in lymphoid cells, monoubiquitination is required for V(D)J recombination (By similarity).

Lysine deamination at Lys-5 (H3K4all) to form allysine is mediated by LOXL2. Allysine formation by LOXL2 only takes place on H3K4me3 and results in gene repression.

Crotonylation (Kcr) is specifically present in male germ cells and marks testis-specific genes in post-meiotic cells, including X-linked genes that escape sex chromosome inactivation in haploid cells. Crotonylation marks active promoters and enhancers and confers resistance to transcriptional repressors. It is also associated with post-meiotically activated genes on autosomes.

Butyrylation of histones marks active promoters and competes with histone acetylation. It is present during late spermatogenesis.

Succinylation at Lys-80 (H3K79succ) by KAT2A takes place with a maximum frequency around the transcription start sites of genes. It gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcription activation. Desuccinylation at Lys-123 (H3K122succ) by SIRT7 in response to DNA damage promotes chromatin condensation and double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair.

Serine ADP-ribosylation constitutes the primary form of ADP-ribosylation of proteins in response to DNA damage. Serine ADP-ribosylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ADPr) is mutually exclusive with phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) and impairs acetylation at Lys-10 (H3K9ac).

Subcellular Location:

Nucleus. Chromosome.

Extracellular region or secreted Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Manual annotation Automatic computational assertionSubcellular location
Subunit Structure:

The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA. Interacts with HIRA, a chaperone required for its incorporation into nucleosomes. Interacts with ZMYND11; when trimethylated at 'Lys-36' (H3.3K36me3).

Family&Domains:

Specific interaction of trimethylated form at 'Lys-36' (H3.3K36me3) with ZMYND11 is mediated by the encapsulation of Ser-32 residue with a composite pocket formed by the tandem bromo-PWWP domains.

Belongs to the histone H3 family.

Research Fields

· Human Diseases > Substance dependence > Alcoholism.

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Overview > Transcriptional misregulation in cancer.

· Human Diseases > Immune diseases > Systemic lupus erythematosus.

References

1). Salidroside can target both P4HB-mediated inflammation and melanogenesis of the skin. Theranostics (PubMed: 33042273) [IF=12.4]

Application: WB    Species: human    Sample: A375 cells

Figure 4. P4HB regulates the ubiquitination degradation of IRF1. A. Changes in TYR activity in P4HB overexpression or knockdown A375 cells. B. Changes in TYR mRNA expression in Sal treated, P4HB overexpression, and P4HB knockdown A375 cells. C. Western blot analysis of TYR expression in P4HB overexpression or knockdown A375 cells. D. Proteins have interactions with P4HB and USF1 analyzed by FpClass. E. Interaction of P4HB and IRF1 in A375 cells detected by PLA. F. Western blot analysis of the expression of IRF1 and P4HB in P4HB overexpression or knockdown A375 cells. G. Western blot analysis of IRF1 expression in the nucleus of A375 cells after P4HB overexpression or knockdown. H. Effect of SAL on the ubiquitination of IRF1 as determined by Western blot. I. Western blot analysis of IRF1 expression in whole cells and nucleus of SAL-treated A375 cells. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01).
2). Psychologic Stress Drives Progression of Malignant Tumors via DRD2/HIF1α Signaling. CANCER RESEARCH (PubMed: 34321238) [IF=11.2]

Application: WB    Species: mouse    Sample: B16F10 and 4T1 tumor

Fig. 1 |DRD2 may promote the malignant progression of melanoma and breast cancer under psychologic stress condition. J, Western blot analysis of DRD2 expression levels in the nuclei of B16F10 and 4T1 tumor tissues with or without stress stimulation.
3). H3K79 methylation promotes rapid growth of Alexandrium pacificum under high light intensity via increased photosynthesis. Science of The Total Environment (PubMed: 37311522) [IF=9.8]
4). Oxyberberine, a novel gut microbiota-mediated metabolite of berberine, possesses superior anti-colitis effect: impact on intestinal epithelial barrier, gut microbiota profile and TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB pathway. PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH (PubMed: 31863867) [IF=9.3]

Application: WB    Species: Mice    Sample: colonic tissues

Fig. 6. Effect of OBB on the activation of TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway in DSS-induced colonic tissues. (A) Representative Western blotting images of TLR4, MyD88, cytoplasmic p65, nuclear p65, p-IκBα and IκBα. Changes in the relative protein expression levels of TLR4 (B), MyD88 (C), nuclear p65 (D), cytoplasmic p65 (E), and p-IκBα/IκBα ratio (F) were measured. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 3). # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 vs. Control group, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 vs. DSS group.
5). RIP3 impedes transcription factor EB to suppress autophagic degradation in septic acute kidney injury. Cell Death & Disease (PubMed: 34103472) [IF=9.0]

Application: WB    Species: Mice    Sample: kidney tissue

Fig. 5 RIP3 impeded the nuclear translocation of TFEB in septic AKI mice and LPS-treated cultured PTECs. A Immunofluorescence staining for TFEB (green) and DAPI (blue) in the kidneys from C57BL/6 mice treated with sterilized saline (con), LPS, or LPS plus GSK’872 (GSK) for 24 h. GSK partially restored the decreased nuclear staining of TFEB in the renal tubular cells of LPS-induced mice. Scale bar = 20 μm. B Cultured PTECs treated with LPS, LPS plus GSK, LPS plus DMSO, LPS plus RIP3 siRNA, or LPS plus scrambled siRNA (Scramble) for 12 h. The nuclear protein fractions were immunoblotted for TFEB. Histone was used as the nuclear marker. TFEB expression against Histone was decreased by LPS treatment, which was restored by GSK or RIP3 siRNA (n = 3). C Immunofluorescence staining for TFEB (green) and DAPI (blue) in cultured PTECs treated as indicated. The nuclear translocation of TFEB was inhibited by LPS, which was rescued by GSK or RIP3 siRNA. Scale bar = 20 μm. D, E Lysates from cultured PTECs treated with LPS or DMSO (con) for 12 h were subjected to immunoprecipitation using an anti-RIP3 antibody (D) or anti-TFEB antibody (E), and IgG antibody followed by immunoblot for TFEB and RIP3. Input proteins were detected with anti-RIP3 and anti-TFEB antibodies. RIP3 interacted with TFEB in LPS-treated PTECs compared to the control group. F Lysates from cultured PTECs treated with LPS or DMSO (con) for 12 h were subjected to immunoprecipitation using anti-TFEB antibody and IgG antibody followed by immunoblot for p-RIP3. Input proteins were detected with anti-p-RIP3 and anti-TFEB antibodies. p-RIP3 interacted with TFEB in LPS-treated PTECs compared to the control group. *P < 0.05.
6). Sophora japonica flowers and their main phytochemical, rutin, regulate chemically induced murine colitis in association with targeting the NF-κB signaling pathway and gut microbiota. Food Chemistry (PubMed: 35691061) [IF=8.8]
7). Dental pulp stem cell‐derived exosomes alleviate cerebral ischaemia‐reperfusion injury through suppressing inflammatory response. CELL PROLIFERATION (PubMed: 34231932) [IF=8.5]

Application: WB    Species: Mouse    Sample: BV2 cells

FIGURE 3 Effect of DPSC-Exos on the expression of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB p65 and HMGB1 on day 7 after cerebral I/R damage. (A) The relative expression level of TLR4. (B) The relative expression level of MyD88. (C) The relative expression level of NF-κB p65. (D) The relative expression level of nuclear HMGB1. (E) The relative expression level of cytoplasmic HMGB1. Protein samples were acquired from the ischaemic cortex and assayed by western blot. Nuclear proteins were normalized to the intensity of Histone H3, and cytoplasmic and total proteins were normalized to the intensity of GAPDH or β-actin. Data were expressed as means ± SD (n = 3). ##P < .01 versus the sham group; *P < .05 and **P < .01 versus the I/R + PBS group. DPSC-Exos, dental pulp stem cell-derived exosomes; HMGB1, high-mobility group box 1 protein; I/R, ischaemia/reperfusion; MyD88, myeloid differentiation protein 88; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B; PBS, phosphatebuffered saline; TLR4, toll-like receptor-4
8). The matrix protein of Newcastle disease virus inhibits inflammatory response through IRAK4/TRAF6/TAK1/NF-κB signaling pathway. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules (PubMed: 35872314) [IF=8.2]
9). NFAT inhibitor 11R-VIVIT ameliorates mouse renal fibrosis after ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica (PubMed: 34937917) [IF=8.2]

Application: WB    Species: Human    Sample: HK-2 cells

Fig. 8 11R-VIVIT attenuates TGFβ‑induced apoptosis in HK-2 cells. a TGFβ treatment increased total NFAT2 expression in HK-2 cells. b TGFβ treatment decreased p-NFAT2 (Ser172) expression and 11R-VIVIT could increase the protein expression of p-NFAT2 (Ser172). c Quantification of NFAT2 expression normalized to GAPDH. d Quantification of p-NFAT2 (Ser172) expression normalized to GAPDH. e–f TGFβ treatment increased nuclear NFAT2 expression in HK-2 cells, and 11R-VIVIT inhibited the nuclear localization of NFAT2. g Quantification of NFAT2 expression in the cytoplasmic fraction HK-2 cells; The results were normalized to GAPDH. h Quantification of NFAT2 expression in the nuclear fraction of HK-2 cells; The results were normalized to Histone H3. i The protein expression of α-SMA and fibronectin in HK-2 cells. j–k The quantitative results of α-SMA and fibronectin were normalized to GAPDH. l Apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry. m Quantification of RTEC apoptosis by flow cytometry. n Western blot analysis of the expression of caspase-3 and C‑caspase-3 in HK-2 cells. o The quantitative results of caspase-3 and C‑caspase-3 were normalized to β-actin. p Western blot analysis of the expression of Bax in HK-2 cells. q The quantitative results of Bax were normalized to β-actin. r TUNEL staining of HK-2 cells in the CON, TGFβ and 11R-VIVIT + TGFβ group. s Quantification of TUNEL‑positive tubular epithelial cells. Scale bars = 20 μm. *P 
10). Xin-Ji-Er-Kang ameliorates kidney injury following myocardial infarction by inhibiting oxidative stress via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in rats. BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY (PubMed: 31228798) [IF=7.5]

Application: WB    Species: rat    Sample: renal cortical

Fig. 11. |Effect of XJEK treatment on the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression in renal tissues of MI rats. The expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO-1) in renal cortical tissues were examined by Western blot analysis. (A, B and C) Nrf2 content in nuclear fraction of renal cortical tissues of rats for 2, 4 and 6wk post-MI by western blot, respectively (mean ± SEM, n = 4 in each group)
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