Product: Phospho-TMEM173/STING (Ser366) Antibody
Catalog: AF7416
Description: Rabbit polyclonal antibody to Phospho-TMEM173/STING (Ser366)
Application: WB IHC IF/ICC
Cited expt.: WB, IF/ICC
Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat
Prediction: Pig, Bovine, Horse, Sheep, Rabbit
Mol.Wt.: 35-40kD; 42kD(Calculated).
Uniprot: Q86WV6
RRID: AB_2843856

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Product Info

Source:
Rabbit
Application:
WB 1:500-1:2000, IHC 1:50-1:200, IF/ICC 1:100-1:500
*The optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.
*Tips:

WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. IHC: For immunohistochemical detection of paraffin sections (IHC-p) or frozen sections (IHC-f) of tissue samples. IF/ICC: For immunofluorescence detection of cell samples. ELISA(peptide): For ELISA detection of antigenic peptide.

Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Prediction:
Pig(90%), Bovine(90%), Horse(80%), Sheep(100%), Rabbit(80%)
Clonality:
Polyclonal
Specificity:
Phospho-TMEM173/STING (Ser366) Antibody detects endogenous levels of TMEM173/STING only when phosphorylated at Ser366.
RRID:
AB_2843856
Cite Format: Affinity Biosciences Cat# AF7416, RRID:AB_2843856.
Conjugate:
Unconjugated.
Purification:
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Storage:
Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. Store at -20 °C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.
Alias:

Fold/Unfold

endoplasmic reticulum IFN stimulator; Endoplasmic reticulum interferon stimulator; ERIS; FLJ38577; hMITA; hSTING; Mediator of IRF3 activation; MITA; Mitochondrial mediator of IRF3 activation; MPYS; N terminal methionine proline tyrosine serine plasma membrane tetraspanner; NET23; Stimulator of interferon genes; Stimulator of interferon genes protein; STING; TM173_HUMAN; Tmem173; Transmembrane protein 173;

Immunogens

Immunogen:

A synthesized peptide derived from human TMEM173/STING around the phosphorylation site of Ser366.

Uniprot:
Gene(ID):
Expression:
Q86WV6 STING_HUMAN:

Ubiquitously expressed. Expressed in skin endothelial cells, alveolar type 2 pneumocytes, bronchial epithelium and alveolar macrophages.

Sequence:
MPHSSLHPSIPCPRGHGAQKAALVLLSACLVTLWGLGEPPEHTLRYLVLHLASLQLGLLLNGVCSLAEELRHIHSRYRGSYWRTVRACLGCPLRRGALLLLSIYFYYSLPNAVGPPFTWMLALLGLSQALNILLGLKGLAPAEISAVCEKGNFNVAHGLAWSYYIGYLRLILPELQARIRTYNQHYNNLLRGAVSQRLYILLPLDCGVPDNLSMADPNIRFLDKLPQQTGDHAGIKDRVYSNSIYELLENGQRAGTCVLEYATPLQTLFAMSQYSQAGFSREDRLEQAKLFCRTLEDILADAPESQNNCRLIAYQEPADDSSFSLSQEVLRHLRQEEKEEVTVGSLKTSAVPSTSTMSQEPELLISGMEKPLPLRTDFS

Predictions

Predictions:

Score>80(red) has high confidence and is suggested to be used for WB detection. *The prediction model is mainly based on the alignment of immunogen sequences, the results are for reference only, not as the basis of quality assurance.

Species
Results
Score
Sheep
100
Pig
90
Bovine
90
Horse
80
Rabbit
80
Dog
67
Xenopus
0
Zebrafish
0
Chicken
0
Model Confidence:
High(score>80) Medium(80>score>50) Low(score<50) No confidence

Research Backgrounds

Function:

Facilitator of innate immune signaling that acts as a sensor of cytosolic DNA from bacteria and viruses and promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta). Innate immune response is triggered in response to non-CpG double-stranded DNA from viruses and bacteria delivered to the cytoplasm. Acts by binding cyclic dinucleotides: recognizes and binds cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), a second messenger produced by bacteria, and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), a messenger produced by CGAS in response to DNA virus in the cytosol. Upon binding of c-di-GMP or cGAMP, STING1 oligomerizes, translocates from the endoplasmic reticulum and is phosphorylated by TBK1 on the pLxIS motif, leading to recruitment and subsequent activation of the transcription factor IRF3 to induce expression of type I interferon and exert a potent anti-viral state. In addition to promote the production of type I interferons, plays a direct role in autophagy. Following cGAMP-binding, STING1 buds from the endoplasmic reticulum into COPII vesicles, which then form the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). The ERGIC serves as the membrane source for WIPI2 recruitment and LC3 lipidation, leading to formation of autophagosomes that target cytosolic DNA or DNA viruses for degradation by the lysosome. The autophagy- and interferon-inducing activities can be uncoupled and autophagy induction is independent of TBK1 phosphorylation. Autophagy is also triggered upon infection by bacteria: following c-di-GMP-binding, which is produced by live Gram-positive bacteria, promotes reticulophagy (By similarity). Exhibits 2',3' phosphodiester linkage-specific ligand recognition: can bind both 2'-3' linked cGAMP (2'-3'-cGAMP) and 3'-3' linked cGAMP but is preferentially activated by 2'-3' linked cGAMP. The preference for 2'-3'-cGAMP, compared to other linkage isomers is probably due to the ligand itself, whichs adopts an organized free-ligand conformation that resembles the STING1-bound conformation and pays low energy costs in changing into the active conformation. May be involved in translocon function, the translocon possibly being able to influence the induction of type I interferons. May be involved in transduction of apoptotic signals via its association with the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) (By similarity).

(Microbial infection) Antiviral activity is antagonized by oncoproteins, such as papillomavirus (HPV) protein E7 and adenovirus early E1A protein. Such oncoproteins prevent the ability to sense cytosolic DNA.

PTMs:

Phosphorylation by TBK1 leads to activation and production of IFN-beta. Following cyclic nucleotide (c-di-GMP or cGAMP)-binding, activation and translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum, STING1 is phosphorylated by TBK1 at Ser-366 in the pLxIS motif. The phosphorylated pLxIS motif constitutes an IRF3-binding motif, leading to recruitment of the transcription factor IRF3 to induce type-I interferons and other cytokines. Phosphorylated on tyrosine residues upon MHC-II aggregation (By similarity).

Ubiquitinated. Ubiquitinated via 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin chains in response to double-stranded DNA treatment, leading to relocalization to autophagosomes and subsequent degradation; this process is dependent on SQSTM1 (By similarity). 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination mediated by TRIM56 at Lys-150 promotes homodimerization and recruitment of the antiviral kinase TBK1 and subsequent production of IFN-beta. 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination at Lys-150 occurring after viral infection is mediated by RNF5 and leads to proteasomal degradation. 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitination at Lys-150 by RNF26 leads to stabilize STING1: it protects STING1 from RNF5-mediated 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination.

Subcellular Location:

Endoplasmic reticulum membrane>Multi-pass membrane protein. Cytoplasm>Perinuclear region. Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane>Multi-pass membrane protein. Cytoplasmic vesicle>Autophagosome membrane>Multi-pass membrane protein. Mitochondrion outer membrane>Multi-pass membrane protein. Cell membrane>Multi-pass membrane protein.
Note: In response to double-stranded DNA stimulation, translocates from the endoplasmic reticulum through the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment and Golgi to post-Golgi vesicles, where the kinase TBK1 is recruited (PubMed:19433799, PubMed:30842659, PubMed:30842653, PubMed:29694889). Upon cGAMP-binding, translocates to the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) in a process that is dependent on COPII vesicles; STING1-containing ERGIC serves as a membrane source for LC3 lipidation, which is a key step in autophagosome biogenesis (PubMed:30842662).

Extracellular region or secreted Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Manual annotation Automatic computational assertionSubcellular location
Tissue Specificity:

Ubiquitously expressed. Expressed in skin endothelial cells, alveolar type 2 pneumocytes, bronchial epithelium and alveolar macrophages.

Family&Domains:

In absence of cGAMP, the transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions interact to form an integrated, domain-swapped dimeric assembly (By similarity). In absence of cyclic nucleotide (c-di-GMP or cGAMP), the protein is autoinhibited by an intramolecular interaction between the cyclic dinucleotide-binding domain (CBD) and the C-terminal tail (CTT) (PubMed:22579474, PubMed:22705373, PubMed:22728658, PubMed:22728660, PubMed:22728659). Following cGAMP-binding, the cyclic dinucleotide-binding domain (CBD) is closed, leading to a 180 degrees rotation of the CBD domain relative to the transmembrane domain. This rotation is coupled to a conformational change in a loop on the side of the CBD dimer, which leads to the formation of the STING1 tetramer and higher-order oligomers through side-by-side packing (By similarity). The N-terminal part of the CBD region was initially though to contain a fifth transmembrane region (TM5) but is part of the folded, soluble CBD (PubMed:22579474, PubMed:22705373, PubMed:22728658, PubMed:22728660, PubMed:22728659).

The pLxIS motif constitutes an IRF3-binding motif: following phosphorylation by TBK1, the phosphorylated pLxIS motif of STING1 recruits IRF3 (PubMed:25636800). IRF3 is then phosphorylated and activated by TBK1 to induce type-I interferons and other cytokines (PubMed:25636800).

Belongs to the STING family.

Research Fields

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > NOD-like receptor signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway.   (View pathway)

References

1). Inhibiting Chemotherapy Immune Tolerance and Reversing Tumor Microenvironment by Macrophage-Targeted Nanohybrid Systems for Enhancing Tumor Chemo-Immunotherapy. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, 2025 [IF=18.5]

2). PARP Inhibition Induces Synthetic Lethality and Adaptive Immunity in LKB1-Mutant Lung Cancer. Cancer research, 2023 (PubMed: 36512628) [IF=12.5]

3). Manganese-doped liquid metal nanoplatforms for cellular uptake and glutathione depletion-enhanced photothermal and chemodynamic combination tumor therapy. Acta biomaterialia, 2025 (PubMed: 39522626) [IF=9.7]

4). Microglial double stranded DNA accumulation induced by DNase II deficiency drives neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Journal of neuroinflammation, 2025 (PubMed: 39833906) [IF=9.3]

5). Loss of Nrf2 aggravates ionizing radiation-induced intestinal injury by activating the cGAS/STING pathway via Pirin. Cancer letters, 2024 (PubMed: 39233044) [IF=9.1]

6). STING orchestrates microglia polarization via interaction with LC3 in autophagy after ischemia. Cell death & disease, 2024 (PubMed: 39537618) [IF=9.0]

7). Novel intravenous formulation for radiosensitization in osteosarcoma treatment. Materials today. Bio, 2025 (PubMed: 40206141) [IF=8.7]

8). IFI16 inhibits DNA repair that potentiates type-I interferon-induced antitumor effects in triple negative breast cancer. Cell Reports, 2021 (PubMed: 34936865) [IF=7.5]

9). STING promotes ferroptosis through NCOA4-dependent ferritinophagy in acute kidney injury. Free radical biology & medicine, 2023 (PubMed: 37634745) [IF=7.1]

10). Role of the cGAS-STING Pathway in Aging-related Endothelial Dysfunction. Aging and Disease, 2022 (PubMed: 36465181) [IF=7.0]

Application: WB    Species: Mouse    Sample:

Figure 1. Age-dependent changes in vasodilation function, and eNOS, p53, p21 p16 cGAS, STING and p-IRF3/IRF3 expression levels in mice. Acetylcholine (ACh)-induced relaxation (A) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced relaxation (B) of mouse aortas were measured in the 2 Months, 6 Months, 12 Months and 24 Months age groups. (C) The protein levels of eNOS, p53, p21, p16, cGAS, STING, p-IRF3, IRF3 and β-actin were measured in the aortas of mice in each age group by western blot analysis. β-actin was used as the housekeeper protein for normalization. Quantification of protein levels is shown in (D). Data were analyzed by (A and B) two-way ANOVA or (D) one way ANOVA plus Bonferroni post hoc test. All data shown are mean±SD. AU indicates arbitrary units. Relative expression is the fold changes relative to the 2 Months group. n=6, *P

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