C4d Antibody - #DF13993
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Product Info
*The optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.
*Tips:
WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. IHC: For immunohistochemical detection of paraffin sections (IHC-p) or frozen sections (IHC-f) of tissue samples. IF/ICC: For immunofluorescence detection of cell samples. ELISA(peptide): For ELISA detection of antigenic peptide.
Fold/Unfold
Acidic C4; Acidic complement C4; C3 and PZP like alpha 2 macroglobulin domain containing protein 2; C4; C4A anaphylatoxin; C4A; C4A2; C4A3; C4A4; C4A6; C4AD; C4S; CO4; Complement C4-A; Complement component 4A; Complement component 4A (Rodgers blood group); CPAMD2; RG; Rodgers blood group; Rodgers form of C4;
Immunogens
A synthesized peptide derived from Human C4d.
Complement component C4 is expressed at highest levels in the liver, at moderate levels in the adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, thyroid gland, and the kidney, and at lowest levels in the heart, ovary, small intestine, thymus, pancreas and spleen. The extra-hepatic sites of expression may be important for the local protection and inflammatory response.
- P0C0L4 CO4A_HUMAN:
- Protein BLAST With
- NCBI/
- ExPASy/
- Uniprot
MRLLWGLIWASSFFTLSLQKPRLLLFSPSVVHLGVPLSVGVQLQDVPRGQVVKGSVFLRNPSRNNVPCSPKVDFTLSSERDFALLSLQVPLKDAKSCGLHQLLRGPEVQLVAHSPWLKDSLSRTTNIQGINLLFSSRRGHLFLQTDQPIYNPGQRVRYRVFALDQKMRPSTDTITVMVENSHGLRVRKKEVYMPSSIFQDDFVIPDISEPGTWKISARFSDGLESNSSTQFEVKKYVLPNFEVKITPGKPYILTVPGHLDEMQLDIQARYIYGKPVQGVAYVRFGLLDEDGKKTFFRGLESQTKLVNGQSHISLSKAEFQDALEKLNMGITDLQGLRLYVAAAIIESPGGEMEEAELTSWYFVSSPFSLDLSKTKRHLVPGAPFLLQALVREMSGSPASGIPVKVSATVSSPGSVPEVQDIQQNTDGSGQVSIPIIIPQTISELQLSVSAGSPHPAIARLTVAAPPSGGPGFLSIERPDSRPPRVGDTLNLNLRAVGSGATFSHYYYMILSRGQIVFMNREPKRTLTSVSVFVDHHLAPSFYFVAFYYHGDHPVANSLRVDVQAGACEGKLELSVDGAKQYRNGESVKLHLETDSLALVALGALDTALYAAGSKSHKPLNMGKVFEAMNSYDLGCGPGGGDSALQVFQAAGLAFSDGDQWTLSRKRLSCPKEKTTRKKRNVNFQKAINEKLGQYASPTAKRCCQDGVTRLPMMRSCEQRAARVQQPDCREPFLSCCQFAESLRKKSRDKGQAGLQRALEILQEEDLIDEDDIPVRSFFPENWLWRVETVDRFQILTLWLPDSLTTWEIHGLSLSKTKGLCVATPVQLRVFREFHLHLRLPMSVRRFEQLELRPVLYNYLDKNLTVSVHVSPVEGLCLAGGGGLAQQVLVPAGSARPVAFSVVPTAAAAVSLKVVARGSFEFPVGDAVSKVLQIEKEGAIHREELVYELNPLDHRGRTLEIPGNSDPNMIPDGDFNSYVRVTASDPLDTLGSEGALSPGGVASLLRLPRGCGEQTMIYLAPTLAASRYLDKTEQWSTLPPETKDHAVDLIQKGYMRIQQFRKADGSYAAWLSRDSSTWLTAFVLKVLSLAQEQVGGSPEKLQETSNWLLSQQQADGSFQDPCPVLDRSMQGGLVGNDETVALTAFVTIALHHGLAVFQDEGAEPLKQRVEASISKANSFLGEKASAGLLGAHAAAITAYALTLTKAPVDLLGVAHNNLMAMAQETGDNLYWGSVTGSQSNAVSPTPAPRNPSDPMPQAPALWIETTAYALLHLLLHEGKAEMADQASAWLTRQGSFQGGFRSTQDTVIALDALSAYWIASHTTEERGLNVTLSSTGRNGFKSHALQLNNRQIRGLEEELQFSLGSKINVKVGGNSKGTLKVLRTYNVLDMKNTTCQDLQIEVTVKGHVEYTMEANEDYEDYEYDELPAKDDPDAPLQPVTPLQLFEGRRNRRRREAPKVVEEQESRVHYTVCIWRNGKVGLSGMAIADVTLLSGFHALRADLEKLTSLSDRYVSHFETEGPHVLLYFDSVPTSRECVGFEAVQEVPVGLVQPASATLYDYYNPERRCSVFYGAPSKSRLLATLCSAEVCQCAEGKCPRQRRALERGLQDEDGYRMKFACYYPRVEYGFQVKVLREDSRAAFRLFETKITQVLHFTKDVKAAANQMRNFLVRASCRLRLEPGKEYLIMGLDGATYDLEGHPQYLLDSNSWIEEMPSERLCRSTRQRAACAQLNDFLQEYGTQGCQV
Research Backgrounds
Non-enzymatic component of C3 and C5 convertases and thus essential for the propagation of the classical complement pathway. Covalently binds to immunoglobulins and immune complexes and enhances the solubilization of immune aggregates and the clearance of IC through CR1 on erythrocytes. C4A isotype is responsible for effective binding to form amide bonds with immune aggregates or protein antigens, while C4B isotype catalyzes the transacylation of the thioester carbonyl group to form ester bonds with carbohydrate antigens.
Derived from proteolytic degradation of complement C4, C4a anaphylatoxin is a mediator of local inflammatory process. It induces the contraction of smooth muscle, increases vascular permeability and causes histamine release from mast cells and basophilic leukocytes.
Prior to secretion, the single-chain precursor is enzymatically cleaved to yield non-identical chains alpha, beta and gamma. During activation, the alpha chain is cleaved by C1 into C4a and C4b, and C4b stays linked to the beta and gamma chains. Further degradation of C4b by C1 into the inactive fragments C4c and C4d blocks the generation of C3 convertase. The proteolytic cleavages often are incomplete so that many structural forms can be found in plasma.
N- and O-glycosylated. O-glycosylated with a core 1 or possibly core 8 glycan.
Secreted. Cell junction>Synapse. Cell projection>Axon. Cell projection>Dendrite.
Complement component C4 is expressed at highest levels in the liver, at moderate levels in the adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, thyroid gland, and the kidney, and at lowest levels in the heart, ovary, small intestine, thymus, pancreas and spleen. The extra-hepatic sites of expression may be important for the local protection and inflammatory response.
Circulates in blood as a disulfide-linked trimer of an alpha, beta and gamma chain.
Research Fields
· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Bacterial > Pertussis.
· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Bacterial > Staphylococcus aureus infection.
· Human Diseases > Immune diseases > Systemic lupus erythematosus.
· Organismal Systems > Immune system > Complement and coagulation cascades. (View pathway)
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