FSHR Antibody - #AF5242

Figure 2. Effects of STAT4 on the function of GCs. The mRNA of cellular proliferation (A), cell cycle (B) and estrogen secretion-related genes (C) detected in GCs with STAT4 overexpression and knockdown. (D) The protein levels of STAR, P65, FSHR and CCNE1 in GCs with STAT4 overexpression and knockdown. The CCK-8 assay shows the viability of GCs with STAT4 overexpression (E) and knockdown (F). The EDU assay shows the proliferation of GCs with STAT4 overexpression (G) and knockdown (H). The measurements of cell cycle distributions in GCs with STAT4 overexpression (I) and knockdown (J). The measurements of E2 secretions in GCs with STAT4 overexpression (K) and knockdown (L). ns: not significant, *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01 and * p < 0.05.

Fig. 5 Isolation and identification of rat ovarian microvascular endothelial cells (ROMECs). A Morphology of ROMECs (40×). B Viability of ROMECs after CTX treated. C Immunofluorescence staining of CD31, FSHR, Cyp17a1 (200×). DAPI is blue and stains the nucleus; CD31 positive is green; FSHR and Cyp17a1 positive are red. D Tube formation assay of ROMECs. Data were shown as mean ± SD of at least three independent experiments.

Figure 1.Glucose metabolism in granulosa cells from patients with endometriosis. (A) The purity of human follicular granulosa cells was determined by immunofluorescence with an antibody against FSH receptor (FSHR), which is specifically expressed in granulosa cells. KGN cells serve as the positive reference. FSHR is shown in red, and the nuclei are stained by 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), shown in blue. (B) Glucose consumption in human granulosa cells cultured in vitro for 24 and 48 h from the endometriosis (EMS) and control (Ctrl) groups, n = 15. (C) Production of lactic acid when human granulosa cells were cultured in vitro for 24 and 48 h, n = 15. The mRNA levels of enzymes related to glucose metabolism in human primary granulosa cells were analyzed by quantitative PCR, including (D) glucose transporters (Glut1 and Glut3); (E) glycolytic pathway-related enzymes: HK1, PFKM, ALDOC, PGK1, ENO1α and PKM; (F) pyruvate metabolism-related enzymes: LDHA, PDHA1 and PDK1; and (G) tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle-related enzymes: CS, IDH, OGDH, SDHB, n = 15. The results were analyzed by unpaired Student’s t-test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, error bars show the SEM. ALDOC, aldolase C; CS, citrate synthase; ENO1α, enolase 1α; HK1, hexokinase 1; IDH, isocitrate dehydrogenase; LDHA, lactate dehydrogenase A; OGDH, oxoglutarate dehydrogenase; PDHA1, pyruvate dehydrogenase A1; PDK1, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1; PFKM, phosphofructokinase M; PGK1, phosphoglycerate kinase 1; PKM, pyruvate kinase; SDHB, succinate dehydrogenase B.

Figure 4. Administration of ICA to dairy goats increased the expression of hormone receptors and testosterone synthesis in the testes. (A) Immunohistochemistry analyzes the distribution of hormonal receptors in the testes. (a) The distribution of LHR in the control group. (b) The distribution of LHR in the ICA group. (c) The distribution of FSHR in the control group. (d) The distribution of FSHR in the ICA group. (e) The distribution of AR in the control group. (f) The distribution of AR in the ICA group. (g) The distribution of 3β-HSD in the control group. (h) The distribution of 3β-HSD in the ICA group. ST, seminiferous tubules; Lu, lumen; Curved arrow, Sertoli cells; Arrow, Leydig cells; Scale bar = 100 μm. (B) qPCR and western blot analyze the mRNA and protein expression in the testes. (a) The mRNA levels of AR, LHR, and FSHR were examined by qPCR. (b) The mRNA levels of steroidogenesis enzymes were examined by qPCR. (c) Western blot analysis was performed to measure the expression of target proteins. β-actin was utilized as a loading control. (d,e) The histogram represents the quantification of proteins levels. Each value represents the mean ± SEM, *p