Product: APC Antibody
Catalog: AF0547
Description: Rabbit polyclonal antibody to APC
Application: WB IHC IF/ICC
Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat
Prediction: Pig, Bovine, Horse
Mol.Wt.: 310kDa; 312kD(Calculated).
Uniprot: P25054
RRID: AB_2834125

View similar products>>

   Size Price Inventory
 100ul $280 In stock
 200ul $350 In stock

Lead Time: Same day delivery

For pricing and ordering contact:
Local distributors

Product Info

Source:
Rabbit
Application:
WB 1:500-1:2000, IHC 1:50-1:200, IF/ICC 1:100-1:500
*The optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.
*Tips:

WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. IHC: For immunohistochemical detection of paraffin sections (IHC-p) or frozen sections (IHC-f) of tissue samples. IF/ICC: For immunofluorescence detection of cell samples. ELISA(peptide): For ELISA detection of antigenic peptide.

Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Prediction:
Pig(100%), Bovine(100%), Horse(88%)
Clonality:
Polyclonal
Specificity:
APC Antibody detects endogenous levels of total APC .
RRID:
AB_2834125
Cite Format: Affinity Biosciences Cat# AF0547, RRID:AB_2834125.
Conjugate:
Unconjugated.
Purification:
The antiserum was purified by peptide affinity chromatography using SulfoLink™ Coupling Resin (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
Storage:
Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. Store at -20 °C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.
Alias:

Fold/Unfold

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli; Adenomatous polyposis coli protein; Apc; APC_HUMAN; CC1; Deleted in polyposis 2.5; DP2; DP2.5; DP3; FAP; FPC; GS; Protein APC;

Immunogens

Immunogen:
Uniprot:
Gene(ID):
Expression:
P25054 APC_HUMAN:

Expressed in a variety of tissues: brain, small intestine, colon, thymus, skeletal muscle, heart, prostate, lung, spleen, ovary, testis kidney, placenta, blood and liver (PubMed:21643010, PubMed:27217144). Isoform 1A: Very strongly expressed in brain but has relatively low expression levels in other tissues (PubMed:19527921, PubMed:21643010, PubMed:27217144). Isoform 1B: Predominant form in all tissues except for brain, including gastric mucosa and blood (PubMed:19527921, PubMed:21643010, PubMed:27217144).

Description:
This gene encodes a tumor suppressor protein that includes among its many intracellular functions one of nuclear export. Defects in this gene cause familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), an autosomal dominant pre-malignant disease that usually progresses to malignancy. Disease-associated mutations tend to be clustered in a small region designated the mutation cluster region (MCR) and result in a truncated protein product.
Sequence:
MAAASYDQLLKQVEALKMENSNLRQELEDNSNHLTKLETEASNMKEVLKQLQGSIEDEAMASSGQIDLLERLKELNLDSSNFPGVKLRSKMSLRSYGSREGSVSSRSGECSPVPMGSFPRRGFVNGSRESTGYLEELEKERSLLLADLDKEEKEKDWYYAQLQNLTKRIDSLPLTENFSLQTDMTRRQLEYEARQIRVAMEEQLGTCQDMEKRAQRRIARIQQIEKDILRIRQLLQSQATEAERSSQNKHETGSHDAERQNEGQGVGEINMATSGNGQGSTTRMDHETASVLSSSSTHSAPRRLTSHLGTKVEMVYSLLSMLGTHDKDDMSRTLLAMSSSQDSCISMRQSGCLPLLIQLLHGNDKDSVLLGNSRGSKEARARASAALHNIIHSQPDDKRGRREIRVLHLLEQIRAYCETCWEWQEAHEPGMDQDKNPMPAPVEHQICPAVCVLMKLSFDEEHRHAMNELGGLQAIAELLQVDCEMYGLTNDHYSITLRRYAGMALTNLTFGDVANKATLCSMKGCMRALVAQLKSESEDLQQVIASVLRNLSWRADVNSKKTLREVGSVKALMECALEVKKESTLKSVLSALWNLSAHCTENKADICAVDGALAFLVGTLTYRSQTNTLAIIESGGGILRNVSSLIATNEDHRQILRENNCLQTLLQHLKSHSLTIVSNACGTLWNLSARNPKDQEALWDMGAVSMLKNLIHSKHKMIAMGSAAALRNLMANRPAKYKDANIMSPGSSLPSLHVRKQKALEAELDAQHLSETFDNIDNLSPKASHRSKQRHKQSLYGDYVFDTNRHDDNRSDNFNTGNMTVLSPYLNTTVLPSSSSSRGSLDSSRSEKDRSLERERGIGLGNYHPATENPGTSSKRGLQISTTAAQIAKVMEEVSAIHTSQEDRSSGSTTELHCVTDERNALRRSSAAHTHSNTYNFTKSENSNRTCSMPYAKLEYKRSSNDSLNSVSSSDGYGKRGQMKPSIESYSEDDESKFCSYGQYPADLAHKIHSANHMDDNDGELDTPINYSLKYSDEQLNSGRQSPSQNERWARPKHIIEDEIKQSEQRQSRNQSTTYPVYTESTDDKHLKFQPHFGQQECVSPYRSRGANGSETNRVGSNHGINQNVSQSLCQEDDYEDDKPTNYSERYSEEEQHEEEERPTNYSIKYNEEKRHVDQPIDYSLKYATDIPSSQKQSFSFSKSSSGQSSKTEHMSSSSENTSTPSSNAKRQNQLHPSSAQSRSGQPQKAATCKVSSINQETIQTYCVEDTPICFSRCSSLSSLSSAEDEIGCNQTTQEADSANTLQIAEIKEKIGTRSAEDPVSEVPAVSQHPRTKSSRLQGSSLSSESARHKAVEFSSGAKSPSKSGAQTPKSPPEHYVQETPLMFSRCTSVSSLDSFESRSIASSVQSEPCSGMVSGIISPSDLPDSPGQTMPPSRSKTPPPPPQTAQTKREVPKNKAPTAEKRESGPKQAAVNAAVQRVQVLPDADTLLHFATESTPDGFSCSSSLSALSLDEPFIQKDVELRIMPPVQENDNGNETESEQPKESNENQEKEAEKTIDSEKDLLDDSDDDDIEILEECIISAMPTKSSRKAKKPAQTASKLPPPVARKPSQLPVYKLLPSQNRLQPQKHVSFTPGDDMPRVYCVEGTPINFSTATSLSDLTIESPPNELAAGEGVRGGAQSGEFEKRDTIPTEGRSTDEAQGGKTSSVTIPELDDNKAEEGDILAECINSAMPKGKSHKPFRVKKIMDQVQQASASSSAPNKNQLDGKKKKPTSPVKPIPQNTEYRTRVRKNADSKNNLNAERVFSDNKDSKKQNLKNNSKVFNDKLPNNEDRVRGSFAFDSPHHYTPIEGTPYCFSRNDSLSSLDFDDDDVDLSREKAELRKAKENKESEAKVTSHTELTSNQQSANKTQAIAKQPINRGQPKPILQKQSTFPQSSKDIPDRGAATDEKLQNFAIENTPVCFSHNSSLSSLSDIDQENNNKENEPIKETEPPDSQGEPSKPQASGYAPKSFHVEDTPVCFSRNSSLSSLSIDSEDDLLQECISSAMPKKKKPSRLKGDNEKHSPRNMGGILGEDLTLDLKDIQRPDSEHGLSPDSENFDWKAIQEGANSIVSSLHQAAAAACLSRQASSDSDSILSLKSGISLGSPFHLTPDQEEKPFTSNKGPRILKPGEKSTLETKKIESESKGIKGGKKVYKSLITGKVRSNSEISGQMKQPLQANMPSISRGRTMIHIPGVRNSSSSTSPVSKKGPPLKTPASKSPSEGQTATTSPRGAKPSVKSELSPVARQTSQIGGSSKAPSRSGSRDSTPSRPAQQPLSRPIQSPGRNSISPGRNGISPPNKLSQLPRTSSPSTASTKSSGSGKMSYTSPGRQMSQQNLTKQTGLSKNASSIPRSESASKGLNQMNNGNGANKKVELSRMSSTKSSGSESDRSERPVLVRQSTFIKEAPSPTLRRKLEESASFESLSPSSRPASPTRSQAQTPVLSPSLPDMSLSTHSSVQAGGWRKLPPNLSPTIEYNDGRPAKRHDIARSHSESPSRLPINRSGTWKREHSKHSSSLPRVSTWRRTGSSSSILSASSESSEKAKSEDEKHVNSISGTKQSKENQVSAKGTWRKIKENEFSPTNSTSQTVSSGATNGAESKTLIYQMAPAVSKTEDVWVRIEDCPINNPRSGRSPTGNTPPVIDSVSEKANPNIKDSKDNQAKQNVGNGSVPMRTVGLENRLNSFIQVDAPDQKGTEIKPGQNNPVPVSETNESSIVERTPFSSSSSSKHSSPSGTVAARVTPFNYNPSPRKSSADSTSARPSQIPTPVNNNTKKRDSKTDSTESSGTQSPKRHSGSYLVTSV

Predictions

Predictions:

Score>80(red) has high confidence and is suggested to be used for WB detection. *The prediction model is mainly based on the alignment of immunogen sequences, the results are for reference only, not as the basis of quality assurance.

Species
Results
Score
Pig
100
Bovine
100
Horse
88
Chicken
75
Xenopus
67
Sheep
0
Dog
0
Zebrafish
0
Rabbit
0
Model Confidence:
High(score>80) Medium(80>score>50) Low(score<50) No confidence

PTMs - P25054 As Substrate

Site PTM Type Enzyme
Phosphorylation
Ubiquitination
A2 Acetylation
S5 Phosphorylation
K73 Ubiquitination
S92 Phosphorylation
S95 Phosphorylation
Y96 Phosphorylation
S98 Phosphorylation
S107 Phosphorylation
S111 Phosphorylation
K150 Ubiquitination
T297 Phosphorylation
Y316 Phosphorylation
S317 Phosphorylation
S331 Phosphorylation
T333 Phosphorylation
S552 Phosphorylation
K561 Methylation
K580 Methylation
T600 Phosphorylation
S705 Phosphorylation
S744 Phosphorylation
S748 Phosphorylation
S780 Phosphorylation
S794 Phosphorylation
Y796 Phosphorylation
Y799 Phosphorylation
S851 Phosphorylation
Y863 Phosphorylation
T867 Phosphorylation
T872 Phosphorylation
S874 Phosphorylation
T883 Phosphorylation
S895 Phosphorylation
T899 Phosphorylation
S908 Phosphorylation
S932 Phosphorylation
Y935 Phosphorylation
K939 Ubiquitination
Y951 Phosphorylation
R958 Methylation
S960 Phosphorylation
S963 Phosphorylation
R976 Methylation
S985 Phosphorylation
S987 Phosphorylation
Y997 Phosphorylation
T1023 Phosphorylation
S1032 Phosphorylation
S1038 Phosphorylation
S1042 Phosphorylation
S1044 Phosphorylation
S1063 Phosphorylation
Y1078 Phosphorylation
S1081 Phosphorylation
S1100 Phosphorylation
Y1102 Phosphorylation
S1117 Phosphorylation
Y1183 Phosphorylation
S1194 Phosphorylation
S1196 Phosphorylation
S1214 Phosphorylation
S1215 Phosphorylation
T1218 Phosphorylation
S1219 Phosphorylation
T1220 Phosphorylation
S1222 Phosphorylation
S1223 Phosphorylation
S1238 Phosphorylation
S1272 Phosphorylation
S1278 Phosphorylation
S1279 Phosphorylation P49674 (CSNK1E)
T1292 Phosphorylation
T1301 Phosphorylation
S1315 Phosphorylation
S1341 Phosphorylation
S1343 Phosphorylation
S1344 Phosphorylation
S1346 Phosphorylation
S1355 Phosphorylation
S1360 Phosphorylation P24941 (CDK2)
S1362 Phosphorylation
S1364 Phosphorylation
T1368 Phosphorylation
S1371 Phosphorylation
T1380 Phosphorylation
S1385 Phosphorylation
S1389 Phosphorylation
S1392 Phosphorylation P49674 (CSNK1E)
S1395 Phosphorylation
S1426 Phosphorylation
S1436 Phosphorylation
T1438 Phosphorylation
T1448 Phosphorylation
T1459 Phosphorylation
R1463 Methylation
S1501 Phosphorylation P49841 (GSK3B)
S1503 Phosphorylation P49841 (GSK3B)
S1504 Phosphorylation Q9HCP0 (CSNK1G1) , P48730 (CSNK1D) , P48729 (CSNK1A1)
S1505 Phosphorylation Q9HCP0 (CSNK1G1) , P48729 (CSNK1A1) , P48730 (CSNK1D)
S1507 Phosphorylation P48729 (CSNK1A1) , Q9HCP0 (CSNK1G1) , P48730 (CSNK1D)
S1510 Phosphorylation P48729 (CSNK1A1) , Q9HCP0 (CSNK1G1) , P48730 (CSNK1D)
T1556 Phosphorylation
S1567 Phosphorylation
S1610 Phosphorylation
Y1615 Phosphorylation
T1633 Phosphorylation
S1737 Phosphorylation
T1773 Phosphorylation
S1774 Phosphorylation
S1842 Phosphorylation
Y1846 Phosphorylation
T1847 Phosphorylation
T1852 Phosphorylation
Y1854 Phosphorylation
S1861 Phosphorylation
S1863 Phosphorylation
S1864 Phosphorylation
S1906 Phosphorylation
T1932 Phosphorylation
S2011 Phosphorylation
T2017 Phosphorylation
S2022 Phosphorylation
S2034 Phosphorylation
S2054 Phosphorylation P17612 (PRKACA)
S2064 Phosphorylation
S2088 Phosphorylation
S2093 Phosphorylation
S2096 Phosphorylation
S2110 Phosphorylation
S2113 Phosphorylation
S2125 Phosphorylation
S2129 Phosphorylation
S2130 Phosphorylation
S2132 Phosphorylation
S2140 Phosphorylation
S2143 Phosphorylation
S2146 Phosphorylation
T2151 Phosphorylation
S2183 Phosphorylation
S2185 Phosphorylation
K2189 Acetylation
K2192 Acetylation
S2207 Phosphorylation
R2226 Methylation
T2255 Phosphorylation
S2258 Phosphorylation
S2260 Phosphorylation
S2262 Phosphorylation
T2266 Phosphorylation
T2269 Phosphorylation
S2270 Phosphorylation
S2277 Phosphorylation
S2280 Phosphorylation
S2283 Phosphorylation
S2290 Phosphorylation
S2300 Phosphorylation
T2308 Phosphorylation
S2323 Phosphorylation
S2330 Phosphorylation
S2337 Phosphorylation
Y2366 Phosphorylation
S2368 Phosphorylation
S2374 Phosphorylation
S2390 Phosphorylation
S2396 Phosphorylation
S2398 Phosphorylation
S2421 Phosphorylation
S2441 Phosphorylation
T2442 Phosphorylation
S2449 Phosphorylation
T2451 Phosphorylation
S2461 Phosphorylation
S2464 Phosphorylation
S2469 Phosphorylation
S2473 Phosphorylation
S2512 Phosphorylation
S2533 Phosphorylation
S2535 Phosphorylation
S2537 Phosphorylation
T2546 Phosphorylation
S2569 Phosphorylation
S2570 Phosphorylation
S2571 Phosphorylation
S2580 Phosphorylation
S2581 Phosphorylation
S2586 Phosphorylation
S2594 Phosphorylation
S2607 Phosphorylation
T2611 Phosphorylation
S2621 Phosphorylation
Y2645 Phosphorylation
S2652 Phosphorylation
S2671 Phosphorylation
S2674 Phosphorylation
T2676 Phosphorylation
T2679 Phosphorylation
S2685 Phosphorylation
S2724 Phosphorylation
S2764 Phosphorylation
S2766 Phosphorylation
S2768 Phosphorylation
S2771 Phosphorylation
S2772 Phosphorylation
T2776 Phosphorylation
T2782 Phosphorylation
S2789 Phosphorylation
S2793 Phosphorylation
S2794 Phosphorylation
T2807 Phosphorylation
S2822 Phosphorylation
T2823 Phosphorylation
S2825 Phosphorylation
T2828 Phosphorylation
S2830 Phosphorylation
S2835 Phosphorylation
S2837 Phosphorylation
Y2838 Phosphorylation
T2841 Phosphorylation
S2842 Phosphorylation

Research Backgrounds

Function:

Tumor suppressor. Promotes rapid degradation of CTNNB1 and participates in Wnt signaling as a negative regulator. APC activity is correlated with its phosphorylation state. Activates the GEF activity of SPATA13 and ARHGEF4. Plays a role in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced cell migration. Required for MMP9 up-regulation via the JNK signaling pathway in colorectal tumor cells. Acts as a mediator of ERBB2-dependent stabilization of microtubules at the cell cortex. It is required for the localization of MACF1 to the cell membrane and this localization of MACF1 is critical for its function in microtubule stabilization.

PTMs:

Phosphorylated by GSK3B.

Ubiquitinated, leading to its degradation by the proteasome. Ubiquitination is facilitated by Axin. Deubiquitinated by ZRANB1/TRABID.

Subcellular Location:

Cell junction>Adherens junction. Cytoplasm>Cytoskeleton. Cell projection>Lamellipodium. Cell projection>Ruffle membrane. Cytoplasm. Cell membrane.
Note: Associated with the microtubule network at the growing distal tip of microtubules (PubMed:19632184). Accumulates in the lamellipodium and ruffle membrane in response to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) treatment (PubMed:19151759). The MEMO1-RHOA-DIAPH1 signaling pathway controls localization of the phosphorylated form to the cell membrane (PubMed:20937854).

Extracellular region or secreted Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Manual annotation Automatic computational assertionSubcellular location
Tissue Specificity:

Expressed in a variety of tissues: brain, small intestine, colon, thymus, skeletal muscle, heart, prostate, lung, spleen, ovary, testis kidney, placenta, blood and liver. Isoform 1A: Very strongly expressed in brain but has relatively low expression levels in other tissues. Isoform 1B: Predominant form in all tissues except for brain, including gastric mucosa and blood.

Subunit Structure:

Forms homooligomers and heterooligomers with APC2. Interacts with DIAPH1 and DIAPH2 (By similarity). Interacts with PDZ domains of DLG1 and DLG3. Associates with catenins. Binds axin. Interacts with ARHGEF4 (via N-terminus). Interacts with MAPRE1 (via C-terminus); probably required for APC targeting to the growing microtubule plus ends. Interacts with MAPRE2 and MAPRE3 (via C-terminus). Found in a complex consisting of ARHGEF4, APC and CTNNB1. Interacts with SCRIB; may mediate APC targeting to adherens junctions of epithelial cells. Interacts with SPATA13 (via N-terminus and SH3 domain). Interacts with ASAP1 (via SH3 domain). Found in a complex composed of MACF1, APC, AXIN1, CTNNB1 and GSK3B (By similarity). Interacts at the cell membrane with AMER1 and AMER2 (via ARM repeats). Interacts with KHDRBS1. The complex composed, at least, of APC, CTNNB1 and GSK3B interacts with JPT1; the interaction requires the inactive form of GSK3B (phosphorylated at 'Ser-9').

Family&Domains:

The microtubule tip localization signal (MtLS) motif; mediates interaction with MAPRE1 and targeting to the growing microtubule plus ends.

Belongs to the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) family.

Research Fields

· Cellular Processes > Cellular community - eukaryotes > Signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells.   (View pathway)

· Cellular Processes > Cell motility > Regulation of actin cytoskeleton.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > Wnt signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > Hippo signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Human papillomavirus infection.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > HTLV-I infection.

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Overview > Pathways in cancer.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Overview > MicroRNAs in cancer.

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Colorectal cancer.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Endometrial cancer.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Basal cell carcinoma.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Breast cancer.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Hepatocellular carcinoma.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Gastric cancer.   (View pathway)

References

1). Effects of 17β-trenbolone exposure on sex hormone synthesis and social behaviours in adolescent mice. Chemosphere, 2020 (PubMed: 31869672) [IF=8.8]

Application: IF/ICC    Species: mice    Sample: medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)

Fig. 5. Effect of 17ββββ-TBOH on the myelination of the mPFC in adolescent mice. (A) Quantitative 893 real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) of myelin gene transcripts in the mPFC (n=4). (B-C) Confocal images and 894 quantification of MBP+ (green) myelinated fibres in the mPFC. DAPI (blue) was used as a nuclear 895 counterstain (n=12 fields from 3 mice per treatment condition). (D-F) Confocal images and 89, quantification of NG2+ (green) cells and CC1+ (red) cells in the mPFC. DAPI (blue) was used as a 897 nuclear counterstain (n=12 fields from 3 mice per treatment condition). Scale bar=60 µm. *p<0.05 **P 898 < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001 by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. 899 Data are presented as means ± SEM.

2). Fam70A Binds Wnt5a to Regulate Meiosis and Quality of Mouse Oocytes. Cell Proliferation, 2020 (PubMed: 32391621) [IF=8.5]

Application: WB    Species: mice    Sample: Oocytes

FIGURE 5 Fam70A and Wnt5a regulate adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) level and MT stability. A, Western blot showed that APC protein remarkably increased after Fam70A depletion. B, Quantification of (A). C, Immunofluorescence showed that APC was enriched within spindles and remarkably increased after Fam70A depletion. APC in green, tubulin in red, DNA in blue. D, Western blot showed that Wnt5a was efficiently reduced by siRNA (Table S2). E, Western blot showed that APC remarkably increased after Wnt5a knockdown. F, Quantification of (E). G, RT-PCR showed that APC was efficiently reduced by siRNA (Table S3). H, Fam70A depletion and Wnt5a knockdown both remarkably increased acetylated tubulin level within spindles, while APC knockdown remarkably reduced acetylated tubulin level. Acetylated tubulin in green, DNA in blue. I, Quantification of (H). Scale bar, 5 µm. *P < .05

Application: IF/ICC    Species: mice    Sample: Oocytes

FIGURE 5 Fam70A and Wnt5a regulate adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) level and MT stability. A, Western blot showed that APC protein remarkably increased after Fam70A depletion. B, Quantification of (A). C, Immunofluorescence showed that APC was enriched within spindles and remarkably increased after Fam70A depletion. APC in green, tubulin in red, DNA in blue. D, Western blot showed that Wnt5a was efficiently reduced by siRNA (Table S2). E, Western blot showed that APC remarkably increased after Wnt5a knockdown. F, Quantification of (E). G, RT-PCR showed that APC was efficiently reduced by siRNA (Table S3). H, Fam70A depletion and Wnt5a knockdown both remarkably increased acetylated tubulin level within spindles, while APC knockdown remarkably reduced acetylated tubulin level. Acetylated tubulin in green, DNA in blue. I, Quantification of (H). Scale bar, 5 µm. *P < .05

3). Cannabidiol inhibits invasion and metastasis in colorectal cancer cells by reversing epithelial–mesenchymal transition through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, 2023 (PubMed: 35960375) [IF=3.6]

Restrictive clause

 

Affinity Biosciences tests all products strictly. Citations are provided as a resource for additional applications that have not been validated by Affinity Biosciences. Please choose the appropriate format for each application and consult Materials and Methods sections for additional details about the use of any product in these publications.

For Research Use Only.
Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Not for resale. Not for distribution without written consent. Affinity Biosciences will not be held responsible for patent infringement or other violations that may occur with the use of our products. Affinity Biosciences, Affinity Biosciences Logo and all other trademarks are the property of Affinity Biosciences LTD.