Cytochrome C Antibody | Affinity Biosciences

Product:	Cytochrome C Antibody
Catalog:	AF0146
Description:	Rabbit polyclonal antibody to Cytochrome C
Application:	WB IHC IF/ICC
Reactivity:	Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey
Prediction:	Pig, Zebrafish, Bovine, Horse, Sheep, Rabbit, Dog, Xenopus
Mol.Wt.:	15kDa; 12kD(Calculated).
Uniprot:	P99999
RRID:	AB_2833328

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Blocking peptides are peptides that bind specifically to the target antibody and block antibody binding. These peptide usually contains the epitope recognized by the antibody. Antibodies bound to the blocking peptide no longer bind to the epitope on the target protein. By comparing the staining from the blocked antibody versus the antibody alone, one can see which staining is specific.

Size	Price	Inventory
100ul	$280	In stock
200ul	$350	In stock

Lead Time: Same day delivery

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Related Downloads

MSDS

Data Sheet

COA

Protocols

WB Handbook

IHC Protocol

IF/ICC Protocol

Product Info

Source:

Rabbit

Application:

WB 1:500-1:3000, IHC 1:50-1:200, IF/ICC 1:100-1:500
*The optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.
*Tips:

WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. IHC: For immunohistochemical detection of paraffin sections (IHC-p) or frozen sections (IHC-f) of tissue samples. IF/ICC: For immunofluorescence detection of cell samples. ELISA(peptide): For ELISA detection of antigenic peptide.

Reactivity:

Human,Mouse,Rat,Monkey

Prediction:

Pig(100%), Zebrafish(88%), Bovine(100%), Horse(100%), Sheep(100%), Rabbit(100%), Dog(100%), Xenopus(100%)

Clonality:

Polyclonal

Specificity:

Cytochrome C Antibody detects endogenous levels of total Cytochrome C.

RRID:

AB_2833328
Cite Format: Affinity Biosciences Cat# AF0146, RRID:AB_2833328.

Conjugate:

Unconjugated.

Purification:

The antiserum was purified by peptide affinity chromatography using SulfoLink™ Coupling Resin (Thermo Fisher Scientific).

Storage:

Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. Store at -20 °C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.

Alias:

Fold/Unfold

CYC; CYC_HUMAN; CYCS; Cytochrome c; Cytochrome c somatic; HCS; THC4;

Immunogens

Immunogen:

Uniprot:

P99999(CYC_HUMAN) >>Visit HPA database.

Gene(ID):

CYCS(54205)

Description:

CYCS Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain. Belongs to the cytochrome c family.

Sequence:

P99999 CYC_HUMAN:
Protein BLAST With
NCBI/
ExPASy/
Uniprot

MGDVEKGKKIFIMKCSQCHTVEKGGKHKTGPNLHGLFGRKTGQAPGYSYTAANKNKGIIWGEDTLMEYLENPKKYIPGTKMIFVGIKKKEERADLIAYLKKATNE

Predictions

Predictions:

Score>80(red) has high confidence and is suggested to be used for WB detection. *The prediction model is mainly based on the alignment of immunogen sequences, the results are for reference only, not as the basis of quality assurance.

Species

Results

Score

Pig

100

Horse

100

Bovine

100

Sheep

100

Dog

100

Xenopus

100

Rabbit

100

Zebrafish

Chicken

Model Confidence:
High(score>80) Medium(80>score>50) Low(score<50) No confidence

PTMs - P99999 As Substrate

P99999

Site	PTM Type	Source
G2	Acetylation	Uniprot
K9	Acetylation	Uniprot
K28	Sumoylation	Uniprot
K28	Ubiquitination	Uniprot
T29	Phosphorylation	Uniprot
K40	Ubiquitination	Uniprot
T41	Phosphorylation	Uniprot
Y47	Phosphorylation	Uniprot
S48	Phosphorylation	Uniprot
Y49	Phosphorylation	Uniprot
T50	Phosphorylation	Uniprot
K54	Ubiquitination	Uniprot
Y68	Phosphorylation	Uniprot
K73	Acetylation	Uniprot
K73	Ubiquitination	Uniprot
K74	Acetylation	Uniprot
K74	Ubiquitination	Uniprot
Y75	Phosphorylation	Uniprot
T79	Phosphorylation	Uniprot
K80	Ubiquitination	Uniprot
K87	Acetylation	Uniprot
K87	Ubiquitination	Uniprot
K88	Acetylation	Uniprot
K89	Acetylation	Uniprot
Y98	Phosphorylation	Uniprot
K100	Acetylation	Uniprot
K100	Methylation	Uniprot
K100	Ubiquitination	Uniprot
K101	Methylation	Uniprot

Research Backgrounds

P99999_CYC_HUMAN

Function:

Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain.

Plays a role in apoptosis. Suppression of the anti-apoptotic members or activation of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability resulting in release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Binding of cytochrome c to Apaf-1 triggers the activation of caspase-9, which then accelerates apoptosis by activating other caspases.

PTMs:

Binds 1 heme group per subunit.

Phosphorylation at Tyr-49 and Tyr-98 both reduce by half the turnover in the reaction with cytochrome c oxidase, down-regulating mitochondrial respiration.

Subcellular Location:

Mitochondrion intermembrane space.
Note: Loosely associated with the inner membrane.

Family&Domains:

Belongs to the cytochrome c family.

Research Fields

· Cellular Processes > Cell growth and death > p53 signaling pathway. (View pathway)

· Cellular Processes > Cell growth and death > Apoptosis. (View pathway)

· Cellular Processes > Cell growth and death > Apoptosis - multiple species. (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Drug resistance: Antineoplastic > Platinum drug resistance.

· Human Diseases > Endocrine and metabolic diseases > Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

· Human Diseases > Neurodegenerative diseases > Alzheimer's disease.

· Human Diseases > Neurodegenerative diseases > Parkinson's disease.

· Human Diseases > Neurodegenerative diseases > Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

· Human Diseases > Neurodegenerative diseases > Huntington's disease.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Bacterial > Legionellosis.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Parasitic > Toxoplasmosis.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Bacterial > Tuberculosis.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Hepatitis B.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Influenza A.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Herpes simplex infection.

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Overview > Pathways in cancer. (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Colorectal cancer. (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Small cell lung cancer. (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cardiovascular diseases > Viral myocarditis.

· Metabolism > Energy metabolism > Sulfur metabolism.

· Metabolism > Global and overview maps > Metabolic pathways.

References

1). Reversible Deformation of Artificial Cell Colonies Triggered by Actin Polymerization for Muscle Behavior Mimicry. Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2022 (PubMed: 35765153) [IF=27.4]

2). Synthesis of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives as mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and cytotoxic agents. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 2017 (PubMed: 28119815) [IF=14.7]

Application: WB Species: Human Sample:

Figure 7 Detection of cyt c release from energized mitochondria suspensions (2 mg protein/mL). (A) In the presence of 10 μmol/L MitoHCAs. a: control; b: MitoCaA; c: MitoFA; d: Mitop-CoA; e: MitoCA. (B) a: control; b: 1 μmol/L MitoCaA; c: 20 μmol/L MitoCaA +1 μmol/L CsA; d: 20 μmol/L MitoCaA. The blots shown are representative of three independent experiments demonstrating similar results. (C) In the presence of the various concentrations of MitoCaA. (D) In the presence of MitoHCAs, CaA and butylTPP (10 μmol/L) with or without Ca2+. The quantitative assays were performed by the dithionite-reduction method. The values represent mean±SEM of three independent experiments. ***P

3). Iron induces B cell pyroptosis through Tom20–Bax–caspase–gasdermin E signaling to promote inflammation post-spinal cord injury. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 2023 (PubMed: 37480037) [IF=9.3]

Application: WB Species: Mouse Sample: B cells

Fig. 3 Pyroptosis induced by iron accumulation may occur in splenic B cells after SCI. a Three days after SCI, serum samples were collected for quantification of the protein expression levels of MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α by ELISA. b Three days after SCI, injured spinal cord homogenates were collected for quantification of the protein expression levels of MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α by ELISA. c Three days after SCI, the spleen was stained with Prussian blue to detect the level of iron ion. d Three days after SCI, serum samples were collected to quantify the concentration of iron ions. e Three days after SCI, B cell lysates were collected to quantify the concentration of iron ions. f Detection of Tom20-Bax-caspase-GSDME pathway-related protein expression in B cells by western blot. g The knock-down efficiency of AAV on Tom20 in B cells was verified. h, l, m The expression levels of MCP-1, IL-1 β, IL-6, TNF- α, IgG and IgM in serum of different groups were detected by ELISA. i–k Three days after SCI, the spleens of mice were observed, and the spleen length and organ index of different groups were compared. n, o, q The spleen was taken for HE staining, Prussian blue staining, and immunofluorescence. CD19+ was red, dapi was blue, and merge was combined. p Detection of nerve evoked potentials in different groups of mice. r Detection of the expression of Tom20-Bax-caspsae-GSDME pathway-related proteins in different groups of B cells. All data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n ≥ 3 replicates per group). ns P > 0.05, * P

4). Inhibition of fatty acid catabolism augments the efficacy of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancers. CANCER LETTERS, 2020 (PubMed: 31904482) [IF=9.1]

5). Acceleration mechanism of riboflavin on Fe0-to-microbe electron transfer in corrosion of EH36 steel by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The Science of the total environment, 2024 (PubMed: 38815822) [IF=8.2]

6). Polysaccharides from Ostrea rivularis alleviate type II diabetes induced-retinopathy and VGEF165-induced angiogenesis via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. International journal of biological macromolecules, 2024 (PubMed: 39265902) [IF=7.7]

7). Zinc ions facilitate metabolic bioenergetic recovery post spinal cord injury by activating microglial mitophagy through the STAT3-FOXO3a-SOD2 pathway. Free radical biology & medicine, 2024 (PubMed: 39613048) [IF=7.1]

8). APMCG-1 attenuates ischemic stroke injury by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis and promoting angiogenesis via activating PI3K/ AKT pathway. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2024 (PubMed: 39368213) [IF=6.9]

Application: WB Species: Human Sample: HUVECs

Fig. 2. APMCG-1 promotes angiogenesis and its associated protein expression. (A-B) Wound healing assay. (C-E) APMCG-1 promotes the tube-forming ability, the number of junction points and total segments length of HUVECs. (F-K) Western blot analyses of PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, CytoC, Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase 3, eNOS, VEGFA, Nrf2, Keap1 protein levels in HUVECs, when treated with APMCG-1. #p

9). Emodin targets mitochondrial cyclophilin D to induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells. BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY, 2017 (PubMed: 28363167) [IF=6.9]

Application: WB Species: human Sample:

Fig. 2. Effects of CsA on emodin-induced apoptosis. The cells were treated with emodin for 48 h in the presence or absence of CsA (5mM), then assays were performed. (A) Analysis of apoptosis by nuclear condensation. The Hoechst 33342 staining showed typical apoptotic morphology changes after emodin treatment. The images were acquired by inverted fluorescence microscopy. (B) Analysis of apoptosis by Annexin V/PI double-staining assay. (C) Determination of Cyto-C level in mitochondria and cytosol by western blots. b-actin and VDAC1 were used as internal control.

10). The anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effect of Brucea javanica oil in ascitic tumor-bearing mice: The detection of brusatol and its role. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2021 (PubMed: 33341052) [IF=6.9]

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Cytochrome C Antibody - #AF0146