Cytochrome C Antibody | Affinity Biosciences

Product:	Cytochrome C Antibody
Catalog:	AF0146
Description:	Rabbit polyclonal antibody to Cytochrome C
Application:	WB IHC IF/ICC
Reactivity:	Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey
Prediction:	Pig, Zebrafish, Bovine, Horse, Sheep, Rabbit, Dog, Xenopus
Mol.Wt.:	15kDa; 12kD(Calculated).
Uniprot:	P99999
RRID:	AB_2833328

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Blocking peptides are peptides that bind specifically to the target antibody and block antibody binding. These peptide usually contains the epitope recognized by the antibody. Antibodies bound to the blocking peptide no longer bind to the epitope on the target protein. By comparing the staining from the blocked antibody versus the antibody alone, one can see which staining is specific.

Size	Price	Inventory
100ul	$280	In stock
200ul	$350	In stock

Lead Time: Same day delivery

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Related Downloads

MSDS

Data Sheet

COA

Protocols

WB Handbook

IHC Protocol

IF/ICC Protocol

Product Info

Source:

Rabbit

Application:

WB 1:500-1:3000, IHC 1:50-1:200, IF/ICC 1:100-1:500
*The optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.
*Tips:

WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. IHC: For immunohistochemical detection of paraffin sections (IHC-p) or frozen sections (IHC-f) of tissue samples. IF/ICC: For immunofluorescence detection of cell samples. ELISA(peptide): For ELISA detection of antigenic peptide.

Reactivity:

Human,Mouse,Rat,Monkey

Prediction:

Pig(100%), Zebrafish(88%), Bovine(100%), Horse(100%), Sheep(100%), Rabbit(100%), Dog(100%), Xenopus(100%)

Clonality:

Polyclonal

Specificity:

Cytochrome C Antibody detects endogenous levels of total Cytochrome C.

RRID:

AB_2833328
Cite Format: Affinity Biosciences Cat# AF0146, RRID:AB_2833328.

Conjugate:

Unconjugated.

Purification:

The antiserum was purified by peptide affinity chromatography using SulfoLink™ Coupling Resin (Thermo Fisher Scientific).

Storage:

Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. Store at -20 °C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.

Alias:

Fold/Unfold

CYC; CYC_HUMAN; CYCS; Cytochrome c; Cytochrome c somatic; HCS; THC4;

Immunogens

Immunogen:

Uniprot:

P99999(CYC_HUMAN) >>Visit HPA database.

Gene(ID):

CYCS(54205)

Description:

CYCS Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain. Belongs to the cytochrome c family.

Sequence:

P99999 CYC_HUMAN:
Protein BLAST With
NCBI/
ExPASy/
Uniprot

MGDVEKGKKIFIMKCSQCHTVEKGGKHKTGPNLHGLFGRKTGQAPGYSYTAANKNKGIIWGEDTLMEYLENPKKYIPGTKMIFVGIKKKEERADLIAYLKKATNE

Predictions

Predictions:

Score>80(red) has high confidence and is suggested to be used for WB detection. *The prediction model is mainly based on the alignment of immunogen sequences, the results are for reference only, not as the basis of quality assurance.

Species

Results

Score

Pig

100

Horse

100

Bovine

100

Sheep

100

Dog

100

Xenopus

100

Rabbit

100

Zebrafish

Chicken

Model Confidence:
High(score>80) Medium(80>score>50) Low(score<50) No confidence

PTMs - P99999 As Substrate

P99999

Site	PTM Type	Source
G2	Acetylation	Uniprot
K9	Acetylation	Uniprot
K28	Sumoylation	Uniprot
K28	Ubiquitination	Uniprot
T29	Phosphorylation	Uniprot
K40	Ubiquitination	Uniprot
T41	Phosphorylation	Uniprot
Y47	Phosphorylation	Uniprot
S48	Phosphorylation	Uniprot
Y49	Phosphorylation	Uniprot
T50	Phosphorylation	Uniprot
K54	Ubiquitination	Uniprot
Y68	Phosphorylation	Uniprot
K73	Acetylation	Uniprot
K73	Ubiquitination	Uniprot
K74	Acetylation	Uniprot
K74	Ubiquitination	Uniprot
Y75	Phosphorylation	Uniprot
T79	Phosphorylation	Uniprot
K80	Ubiquitination	Uniprot
K87	Acetylation	Uniprot
K87	Ubiquitination	Uniprot
K88	Acetylation	Uniprot
K89	Acetylation	Uniprot
Y98	Phosphorylation	Uniprot
K100	Acetylation	Uniprot
K100	Methylation	Uniprot
K100	Ubiquitination	Uniprot
K101	Methylation	Uniprot

Research Backgrounds

P99999_CYC_HUMAN

Function:

Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain.

Plays a role in apoptosis. Suppression of the anti-apoptotic members or activation of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability resulting in release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Binding of cytochrome c to Apaf-1 triggers the activation of caspase-9, which then accelerates apoptosis by activating other caspases.

PTMs:

Binds 1 heme group per subunit.

Phosphorylation at Tyr-49 and Tyr-98 both reduce by half the turnover in the reaction with cytochrome c oxidase, down-regulating mitochondrial respiration.

Subcellular Location:

Mitochondrion intermembrane space.
Note: Loosely associated with the inner membrane.

Family&Domains:

Belongs to the cytochrome c family.

Research Fields

· Cellular Processes > Cell growth and death > p53 signaling pathway. (View pathway)

· Cellular Processes > Cell growth and death > Apoptosis. (View pathway)

· Cellular Processes > Cell growth and death > Apoptosis - multiple species. (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Drug resistance: Antineoplastic > Platinum drug resistance.

· Human Diseases > Endocrine and metabolic diseases > Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

· Human Diseases > Neurodegenerative diseases > Alzheimer's disease.

· Human Diseases > Neurodegenerative diseases > Parkinson's disease.

· Human Diseases > Neurodegenerative diseases > Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

· Human Diseases > Neurodegenerative diseases > Huntington's disease.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Bacterial > Legionellosis.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Parasitic > Toxoplasmosis.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Bacterial > Tuberculosis.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Hepatitis B.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Influenza A.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Herpes simplex infection.

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Overview > Pathways in cancer. (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Colorectal cancer. (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Small cell lung cancer. (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cardiovascular diseases > Viral myocarditis.

· Metabolism > Energy metabolism > Sulfur metabolism.

· Metabolism > Global and overview maps > Metabolic pathways.

References

1). Wang Y et al. Inhibition of fatty acid catabolism augments the efficacy of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancers. CANCER LETTERS 2020 Jan 2;473:74-89 (PubMed: 31904482) [IF=9.7]

2). Wang T et al. The anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effect of Brucea javanica oil in ascitic tumor-bearing mice: The detection of brusatol and its role. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 2021 Feb;134:111122. (PubMed: 33341052) [IF=7.5]

3). Zhang L et al. Emodin targets mitochondrial cyclophilin D to induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells. BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY 2017 Jun;90:222-228 (PubMed: 28363167) [IF=7.5]

Application: WB Species: human Sample:

Fig. 2. Effects of CsA on emodin-induced apoptosis. The cells were treated with emodin for 48 h in the presence or absence of CsA (5mM), then assays were performed. (A) Analysis of apoptosis by nuclear condensation. The Hoechst 33342 staining showed typical apoptotic morphology changes after emodin treatment. The images were acquired by inverted fluorescence microscopy. (B) Analysis of apoptosis by Annexin V/PI double-staining assay. (C) Determination of Cyto-C level in mitochondria and cytosol by western blots. b-actin and VDAC1 were used as internal control.

4). Wang T et al. Proteus mirabilis Vesicles Induce Mitochondrial Apoptosis by Regulating miR96-5p/Abca1 to Inhibit Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Loss. Frontiers in Immunology 2022 Feb 15;13:833040. (PubMed: 35242136) [IF=7.3]

Application: WB Species: mouse Sample: Osteoclasts

FIGURE 4 | Effect of P.M OMVs on mitochondria-dependent osteoclast apoptosis.(J) Cyto c expression in the cytoplasm and mitochondria with or without P.M OMV treatment. Data were obtained from three independent experiments and represented as mean ± SD. ####p < 0.0001 compared to M-CSF. *p < 0.05; **p < 001; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001 compared to M-CSF + RANKL. ns, not significant.

Application: WB Species: Mouse Sample: osteoclasts

Figure 4 Effect of P.M OMVs on mitochondria-dependent osteoclast apoptosis. (A) Venn diagram showing the intersection of negatively correlated miRNA–mRNA pairs within miRNA and mRNA sequences. (B) KEGG enrichment analysis of upregulated genes is shown in the bubble chart. The top 15 genes significantly enriched in the KEGG pathway (p < 0.05) are presented. Changes in osteoclast (C, D) apoptosis, (E, F) intracellular ROS, and (G, H) mitochondrial membrane potential level after being cultured with or without 0.15 or 0.3 μg/ml of P.M OMVs for 5 days. (I) Western blot analysis of caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bax. (J) Cyto c expression in the cytoplasm and mitochondria with or without P.M OMV treatment. Data were obtained from three independent experiments and represented as mean ± SD. ####p < 0.0001 compared to M-CSF. *p < 0.05; **p < 001; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001 compared to M-CSF + RANKL. ns, not significant.

5). Huang L et al. Lactoferrin ameliorates pathological cardiac hypertrophy related to mitochondrial quality control in aged mice. Food & Function 2021 Aug 21;12(16):7514-7526. (PubMed: 34223567) [IF=6.1]

Application: WB Species: Mice Sample:

Fig. 2 LF inhibited mitochondria-dependent apoptosis of myocardium in aged mice. (A) Representative images of the TUNEL assay. (B) Quantification of TUNEL-positive nuclei. (C) Representative immunoblotting images of relative protein expression. (D)–(I) Quantification of relative protein expression involved in mitochondria-dependent apoptosis; *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 vs. 2-month group; #P < 0.05 and ##P < 0.01 vs. 16-month group.

6). Ma H et al. Licoricidin combats gastric cancer by targeting the ICMT/Ras pathway in vitro and in vivo. Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022 Oct 13;13:972825. (PubMed: 36339587) [IF=5.6]

Application: WB Species: Human Sample: MGC-803 cells

FIGURE 2 Licoricidin promoted MGC-803 cell apoptosis and arrested mitosis in the G0/G1 phase. MGC-803 cells were treated with licoricidin (5, 10, and 20 μM) or 5-fluorouracil 20 μM for 24 h. (A) Apoptosis of MGC-803 cells was detected by flow cytometry after Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI dual staining, and the percentage rate of apoptotic cells was displayed in the histogram. (B) Morphological changes of MGC-803 cells were observed by Giemsa dye liquor (×200). Compared with the untreated group, cells treated with 20 μM of licoricidin presented a different morphology, and particularly, typical manifestations of apoptotic cells, such as nuclear pyknosis, hyperchromasia, and apoptotic bodies, can be seen. (C) Expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, Cyt-C, and Caspase 3) were assessed by Western blot assay and normalized by reference genes for quantitative analysis. (D) Licoricidin arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. Flow cytometry was carried out to measure DNA content and cell cycle distribution after the cells were fixed by PI staining, and the results were analyzed by ModfitLT 5.0 software. (E) Expression levels of cyclin D1 and CDK4 were assessed by Western blot analysis and normalized by β-tubulin for quantitative analysis. Results are displayed as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001. LCD, licoricidin. 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil. Scale bar, 100 μm.

7). Li Q et al. Inhibition of microRNA-327 ameliorates ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis through targeting apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY 2019 Oct 6 (PubMed: 31587299) [IF=5.6]

Application: WB Species: rat Sample: heart

FIGURE 7| Inhibition of miR‐327 suppressed I/R‐induced extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis‐associated molecules expression. Caspase‐8, Fas and FasL protein expression was detected in heart tissues of MI/RI rats by western blot (a). Quantitative analysis of Caspase‐8 (b), Fas (c), and FasL(d) expression was shown in Bar graphs.Caspase‐9, Bax, Bcl‐2, and Cyt‐c proteinexpression was detected in heart tissues of MI/RI rats by Western blot (e).

8). Meng X et al. Akkermansia muciniphila Aspartic Protease Amuc_1434* Inhibits Human Colorectal Cancer LS174T Cell Viability via TRAIL-Mediated Apoptosis Pathway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2020 May 11;21(9):E3385. (PubMed: 32403433) [IF=5.6]

Application: WB Species: human Sample: LS174T cells

Figure 5. | Amuc_1434* mediated the activation of the apoptosis pathway in LS174T cells.(B) Amuc_1434* indirectly affected the expression of proteins in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.(a) B-cell lymphoma-2 interacting-domain death agonist (Bid), B-cell lymphoma-2-Associated X Protein(Bax), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Cytochrome c (CytC), and Endonuclease G (EndoG) proteins of LS174T cells were detected using Western blot analysis after treatment with Amuc_1434* for 24 h.β-actin was used as the loading control.

9). Liu Y et al. Oligo-Porphyran Ameliorates Neurobehavioral Deficits in Parkinsonian Mice by Regulating the PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 Pathway. Marine Drugs 2018 Mar 6;16(3) (PubMed: 29509717) [IF=5.4]

Application: WB Species: mouse Sample:

Figure 5. | Effects on apoptosis-related protein expression, poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), and caspase-3 activity in vivo. After pretreated with MPTP for seven days, the C57BL/6 mice were administrated with MA or different concentrations of OP for the followed 7 days. (A): Original bands of cytochrome c (CytC), cleaved caspased-3, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), BCL2 associated X (Bax), PARP, and β-actin.

10). Xie SY et al. SHMT2 promotes tumor growth through VEGF and MAPK signaling pathway in breast cancer. American Journal of Cancer Research 2022 Jul 15;12(7):3405-3421. (PubMed: 35968337) [IF=5.3]

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Cytochrome C Antibody - #AF0146